卫生行政处罚中的电子证据及其规则探究

Electronic Evidence and Rules of Administrative Penalty of Hygiene

卫生行政处罚的前提是行政相对人违法事实的存在,而证据则是连接客观事实和法律事实的桥梁,因而所有卫生行政处罚活动都要围绕证据规则展开。随着电子信息技术的发展,社会活动呈现出"电子化"趋势,网络食品交易、远程医疗等纷纷出炉,因而卫生行政部门在监管执法中也不可避免地接触到电子证据。本文以卫生行政处罚中食品安全、医疗卫生这两个特殊领域为研究范本,概括了涉案电子证据的内涵、特点和类型,反思了其在该领域适用中存在的问题,并试图在具体的证据规则建构方面进行一些有益的思考。

The premise of administrative penalty of hygiene is the illegal facts of the administrative relative person, while evidence is a bridge that connects objective facts with legal facts. Therefore, all activities of administrative penalty of hygiene should act according to the evidence rule. With the development of electronic information technology, social activities are tending to be ＂electronized＂. The network of food trade, remote medical treatment and others arise, so the administrative departments of public health inevitably have to confront with electronic evidences. Selecting administrative penalty of hygiene in food safety and medical health as research samples, this paper discussed the connotation, characteristics and types of the electronic evidences involved, and the problems in the application of the electronic evidence. It then tries to propose some suggestions on construction of specific rules of evidence.