不锈钢作业工人DNA损伤影响因素的探讨

Influencing factors of DNA damage in stainless steel production workers

目的探讨不锈钢作业工人的DNA损伤的影响因素。方法通过对某钢铁公司不锈钢冶炼厂作业环境进行铬、镍、锰的监测,选择178名男性不锈钢作业工人为接触组,并选择不接触铬、镍、锰的能源动力总厂146名水处理工为对照组,以问卷调查的方式采集研究对象的一般情况,并采集其晨起空腹血样;采用原子吸收光谱法测定血清中铬、镍、锰的含量;采用碱性彗星实验分析测定DNA损伤。结果本次研究表明：1接触组与对照组比较,血清中铬、镍、锰的水平差异有统计学意义,（t铬=16.71,P铬〈0.01;t镍=41.983,P镍〈0.01;t锰=52.176,P锰〈0.01）;2经Pearson相关分析研究表明血清铬、镍、锰均与DNA损伤呈正相关,其中铬的相关性最明显（r=0.662,P〈0.01）;3接触组中不同工龄组中DNA损伤程度不同,差异有统计学意义（F=271.36,P〈0.01）,且经LSD检验表明,除5-年组与10-年组比较DNA损伤的差异无统计学意义外,其他各年龄组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;4接触组中炉前工、连铸工、整模工的DNA损伤不同,其中炉前工DNA损伤最严重;5接触组和对照组,吸烟者、饮酒者DNA损伤均较非吸烟者和非饮酒者严重,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论生产环境中铬、镍、锰等有害因素对不锈钢作业工人的DNA损伤有影响,其中铬对其影响最大;炉前工的DNA损伤最严重,且随着工龄的增加DNA损伤加重;吸烟、饮酒会加重不锈钢工人的DNA损伤程度。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of DNA damage in stainless steel production workers. Methods Through monitoring chromium （Cr）, nickel （Ni） and manganese （Mn） in the operating environment of the stainless steel smelting plant of a steel company, 178 male stainless steel production workers were included in the exposure group. A total of 146 water treatment workers, who did not expose to Cr, Ni and Mn, from the general plant of energy power were included in the control group. The general conditions of the subjects were collected by us- ing questionnaire. The morning fasting blood samples were collected. The contents of Cr, Ni and Mn in serum were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS）, and the DNA damage was analyzed and measured by alkaline comet assay. Results ① There were statistically significant differences in the Cr, Ni and Mn levels in serum between the exposure group and the control group （tCr=16.71 ,PCr〈0.01; tNi=41.983, PNi〈0.01; tMn=52.176, PMn〈0.01）. ② Pearson correlation analysis found positive correlations between serum Cr, Ni and Mn and DNA damage, in which the correlation of Cr was the most significant, r=0.662, P〈0.01. ③ According to variance analysis, the degrees of DNA injury in different age groups of the exposure group were different（F=271.36, P〈0.01）, and the differences were statistically significant. Also, the LSD test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in DNA damage between 5- years old group and 10- years old group, whereas there were statistically significant differences among the other age groups （P〈0.05）. ④ According to variance analysis, the DNA damage in furnace workers, continuous casting workers and mold preparation workers of the exposure group was different. Through pairwise comparison, the DNA damage in furnace workers was the most serious. ⑤ According to t-test analysis, the DNA damage in smokers and drinkers of the exposure group and the control group was more serious compared with that in non-smokers and non-drinkers, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The harmful factors, Cr, Ni and Mn, in the production environment influence the DNA damage in stainless steel production workers, wherein the Cr influences the most. The DNA damage in furnace workers is the most serious, which is aggravated along with the increasing working years. Smoking and drinking may increase the degree of DNA damage in stainless steel production workers.