灌溉施肥模式对龙眼生长、果实形成过程及产量的影响

Effects of Fertigation Mode on Growth,Fruit Development and Yield of Longan Trees

以石硖龙眼树为试材,测定常规施肥(CSF)、树干输液施肥(TIF)、地面滴灌施肥(SFG)处理下树体生长和果实发育过程中各项指标的变化,研究了树干输液施肥和地面滴灌施肥对龙眼生长、果实形成过程及产量的影响。结果表明,与CSF处理相比,TIF、SFG处理叶面积分别增加了14.18%、23.35%,百叶厚分别增加了8.92%、12.47%,百叶质量分别增加了3.69%、10.27%。荧光参数综合表现为CSP处理<TIF处理<SFG处理;与CSF处理相比,TIF、SFG处理枝梢长度分别提高了40.96%、45.55%,粗度分别提高了19.67%、28.55%;果实纵横径、可溶性糖、Vc、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物量在坐果50d后变化趋势基本一致。果实成熟时,与CSF处理相比,TIF、SFG处理果实纵径分别增加了0.73%、1.40%,横径分别增加了0.68%、2.23%,可溶性糖量分别增加了7.20%、8.90%,Vc量分别增加了8.60%、16.76%,可滴定酸量分别降低了19.05%、28.57%,可溶性固形物量分别增加了4.50%、6.00%,单株产量分别增加了35.54%、81.31%。可见,SFG处理效果最佳。

With Longan cv.Shixia as the test material,the changes of the indicators in the process of treegrowth and fruit development were measured and analyzed under the conventional soil fertilization（CSF）,trunk infusion fertilization（TIF）and surface fertigation（SFG）treatments,in order to study the effects of TIF and SFG modes on growth,fruit development and yield of Longan trees.The results showed that compared with CSF treatment,the leaf areas of TIF and SFG treatments increased by 14.18% and 23.35%,thickness of hundred leaves increased by 8.92% and 12.47%,weight of hundred leaves increased by3.69%and 10.27%.The comprehensive performance of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters about the leaf was CSP treatment〈TIF treatment〈SFG treatment;Compared to CSF treatment,the branch lengths increased by 40.96% and 45.55%,the diameters increased by 19.67% and 28.55% respectively under TIF and SFG treatments.After 50 days of fruit-setting,the change trends of the longitudinal diameter,the transverse diameter,soluble sugar,vitamin C,titrable acid and TSS were basically identical in the process of fruit development on the treatments of CSF,TIF and SFG.Compared with CSF treatment,the fruit longitudinal diameters increased by 0.73% and 1.40% respectively,gruit transverse diameters increased by 0.68% and 2.23% respectively,soluble sugar contents increased by 7.20% and 8.90% respectively,Vitamin C contents increased by 8.60% and 16.76% respectively,titrable acid contents decreased by19.05% and 28.57% respectively,TSS contents increased by 4.50% and 6.00% respectively,yield per plant increased by 35.54% and 81.31% respectively under TIF and SFG treatments.So,SFG treatment was the best way for the tree-growth,fruit development and the increase of yield.