隆安县壮族中学生贫血与生长发育状况调查

Survey on anemia and growing development of middle school students in Longan county

目的了解隆安县壮族中学生贫血现状、营养不良及两者关系,为本地区青少年贫血防治策略的制定提供依据。方法抽取隆安县在校12～18岁壮族中学生2 051名,测量身高、体重及静脉血红蛋白含量并进行统计分析。结果 2012年隆安县壮族中学生贫血患病率为14.48%,大多数为小细胞低色素性贫血,男女中学生贫血率分别为9.21%和20.04%,女生贫血危险性是男生的2.470倍（95%CI：1.904～3.204,P〈0.001）。营养不良检出率为27.74%,贫血组营养不良率较无贫血组严重,分别为33.33%和26.80%,贫血学生出现营养不良风险是无贫血学生的1.366倍（95%CI：1.050～1.778,P=0.02）。结论隆安县壮族中学生贫血仍较严重,贫血对学生的生长发育有一定影响,青少年贫血防治仍需进一步加强。

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of anemia and the growing development of middle school students of Zhuang nationality in Longan, Guangxi, and to provide the evidence for anemia prevention and treatment in Longan county. Methods Two thousand and fifty-one middle school students aged from 12 to 18 years were sam- pled. Their height, weight and hemoglobin levels were measured and analyzed. Results The total prevalence rate of anemia was 14. 48%. Boys＇ prevalence rate of anemia was 9. 21%, and 20. 04% for girls. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was the main type of anemia. Girls were at higher risk for anemia than boys（ OR = 2. 470, 95% CI： 1. 904 3. 204, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The total prevalence rate of malnutrition was 27.74%. The students with anemia were at higher risk for malnutrition than those without anemia（33.33% vs 26. 80%, OR = 1. 366, 95% CI： 1. 050 ~ 1. 778, P = 0.02）. Conclusion Anemia is still a serious health problem among the middle students of Zhuang nationality in Longan county, which affects the growth and development of the students. Treatment for anemia should be strength- ened among the adolescence with malnutrition.