陶渊明“隐逸诗人之宗”考论

A Study on Tao Yuanming, “the First Hermit Poet”

钟嵘《诗品》品陶,谓其为"隐逸诗人之宗",这个身份定位在六朝并未得到确认,对其评价,多为"隐士"与"田园诗人"。究其原因,这和陶渊明隐逸特殊形态有关。陶渊明辞官归耕,不入莲社,与佛道关系疏离,少在征辟之列等,表现出"不合时宜",与传统隐士行径相悖,与隐逸潮流的抗拒,实际上正是他"真隐"的表现。陶渊明开辟了一条将隐逸生活艺术化的道路,他将隐逸诗创作与田园生活紧密结合起来,诗中少"隐"多"逸",是一种心境旷放,隐逸生活诗意化的表述。陶渊明引领了隐逸诗形式上的重大变革,将其转变为具有丰富内涵的表达,建构了独特的隐逸精神空间,提升了隐逸诗的影响,为中国隐逸诗学的发展作出了重大贡献。

Zhong Rong praises Tao Yuanming as ＂the First Hermit Poet＂ in The Realms of Poetry. Given in the Six Dynasties, however, this title was not recognized. Usually, he was called ＂hermit＂ or ＂idyllist＂, which is the consequence of Tao＇s unique form of hermit. He resigned and returned to the farm, refused to join the Lotus House and kept Buddhism and Taoism away, as well as the government selection, which made him ＂an alien＂ at that time. Disobeying traditional hermit and fighting against their trend actually reflect his ＂real seclusion＂. Tao Yuanming set up a new way to live a seclusive life artistically and combined hermit poems with rural life closely. There are more ＂idlly＂ than ＂seclusion＂ in his poems which is the expression of his liberal mind and poetic seclusion. As the pioneer in the revolution of the form of hermit poems, Tao turned it into a meaningful expression, created unique room for the spirit of hermit, promoted the influence of hermit poems and made great contribution to Chinese reclusion poetry.