解析欧盟移民法:历史演进、现实困境与发展趋势

A Study on EU Immigration Law: Historical Evolution,Current Predicament and Development Trend

欧盟移民法在形成与发展过程中受到欧洲一体化进程的深刻影响,具有内部与外部双重维度,发挥着促进内部个人迁移自由与保障外部国家边界安全的一体化功能。取消成员国共同边界的欧盟内部市场一体化目标是外部移民法建构的动因和基础,而外部移民法又为无内部边界的欧盟区域安全问题提供制度性保障。欧盟一体化共性治理与主权国家多元需求的根本矛盾制约着欧盟移民法的一体化结构与功能,不仅对其外部移民领域的决策与立法带来显著局限性,也为欧盟移民法的现实困境和发展隐患埋下伏笔。欧洲移民与难民危机的爆发使欧盟移民法面临严峻挑战,亟需从短期、中期和长期三个层面探求破解危机的综合性路径。

Profoundly influenced by the European integration process, the EU immigra- tion legal system has internal and external dimensions and the integrated function of promoting internal free movement of persons and protecting external security. Free mobility of persons within the EU can be regarded as the motivation and basis for the establishment and develop- ment of external immigration law, which in turn provides a systematic guarantee for the solution of security issues resulting from the abolition of EU internal borders. However, the conflicts be- tween common interests of EU and diverse benefits of member states, as the root causes of the existing and potential dilemmas faced by EU immigration law, have limited the integrated con- struction of EU immigration legal system, especially the external immigration legislations on common asylum system, external border control and harmonized immigrant policy. The current immigrant and refugee crisis poses further serious challenges for the EU immigration law. The EU should seek comprehensive short-term, medium-term and long-term methods to address the crisis.