NADPH氧化酶及其抑制剂的研究进展

Research progress of NADPH oxidases and their inhibitors

NADPH氧化酶(NOX)是体内氧化还原信号的关键酶,也是体内活性氧簇(ROS)的主要来源。ROS在机体中扮演着双刃剑的角色,少量的ROS具有免疫防御作用,也可作为第二信使,参与细胞信号通路的调节;ROS产生过多则可引起氧化应激,导致细胞生理功能的紊乱。近年来研究发现,ROS在加速炎症、纤维化和肿瘤形成等病理过程中起着重要作用。NOX作为ROS的主要来源,已成为抗氧化应激、炎症、纤维化和肿瘤的热门靶点。本文综述了NOX在这些病理过程中所起到的作用以及当前NOX抑制剂的研究进展。

NADPH oxidases（NOXs） are the key enzymes of redox signaling in vivo and also the main source of reactive oxygen species（ROS） in the body. ROS plays a role of double-edged sword. On the one hand, ROS, at the level of physiological amount, has the effect of immune defense and also acts as a second messenger involved in the regulation of cellular signaling pathways. On the other hand, excessive ROS can cause oxidative stress, leading to the disorder of cellular functions. Recently, studies showed that ROS plays an important role in acceleration of some pathological reactions such as inflammation, fibrosis and tumor formation. As a major source of ROS, NOX has become a popular target in treating oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and tumor. Herein, the role of NOX in these pathological processes and the research progress of NOX inhibitors are reviewed.