南海北部沿岸自然保护区内大珠母贝资源现状初步分析

Preliminary analysis of Pinctada maxima in nature reserves along coastal area in the northern South China Sea

大珠母贝（Pinctada maxima）是国家Ⅱ级野生保护动物，为南海特有的珍珠贝种类，具有很高的社会、经济和生态价值。利用潜水断面法，调查了海南岛儋州洋浦和临高白蝶贝保护区及雷州半岛西部保护区海域内大珠母贝的分布和资源密度。结果表明，儋州临高海域大珠母贝出现频率为54．55％，栖息密度变化范围为0—0．25g·m-1，生物量变化范围为0～70．31 g·m-1。儋州洋浦海域，大珠母贝出现频率为15．38％，栖息密度变化范围为0—0．10g·m-1，生物量变化范围为0～22．55 g·m-1。雷州半岛西部海域大珠母贝站位中，大珠母贝出现频率为65．00％，多数站位栖息密度范围为0．1～0．2g·m-1，最大栖息密度为0．3g．m-1，最大生物量为390 g·m-1。当前大珠母贝年龄结构不合理，说明其资源结构已经遭到破坏，资源自身的恢复能力较弱。

Pinctada maxima, a first class national protected wild animal with high social, economic and ecological value, is a uniquepearl oyster species in the South China Sea. The distribution and status of P. maxima resources were investigated by diving sectionmethod in Yangpu and Lingao Pearl oyster Nature Reserve and western Leizhou Peninsula Nature Reserve. The results show that fre-quency of P. maxima was 54. 55% in Lingao waters. Habitat density ranged from 0 to 0. 25 ind·m-2. Biomass ranged from 0 to 70. 31 -2 ·g-m m Lingao waters. Frequency of P. maxima was 15.38% in Yangpu waters. Habitat density ranged from 0 to O. 10 ind·m -2 Bi-omass ranged from 0 to 22. 55 g ·m-2. Frequency of P. maxima was 65.00% in west Leizhou waters. Most stations habitat densityranged from 0. 10 to 0. 20 ind·m-2and the maximum habitat density was 0. 30 ind·m-2. The maximum biomass was 390 g·m-2 in westLeizhou waters. The analysis reveals that the current age structure of P. maxima is relatively unreasonable, which indicates that thestock structure has been destroyed and its recovery ability is weak.