大学生自信心与家庭教养方式的关系研究

Research on the relationship between college students' self-confidence and parental rearing patterns

目的了解大学生的自信心状况及其与家庭教养方式的关系。方法采用随机抽样的方法,于2012年5月对菏泽学院250名大学生进行个人评价问卷(PEI)和家庭教养方式问卷(EMBU)的施测,使用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行独立样本t检验和皮尔逊积差相关分析。结果回收问卷240份,回收率为96%,有效被试223名,有效率为89.2%。其中90.01%的大学生自信心处于一般水平;不同性别大学生自信心水平差异有统计学意义(t=-3.498,P<0.01),女生自信心水平高于男生(女生:131.177±12.813,男生:124.546±12.813);男女生在父亲惩罚严厉、过度保护因子上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),男生(20.419±8.335)体会到的父亲惩罚严厉、过度保护高于女生(17.816±6.458)。大学生自信心总分与父亲的过度保护,与父母亲的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认均存在显著正相关关系;与父母亲的情感温暖理解、偏爱均存在显著负相关关系。结论良好的家庭教养方式有利于提高大学生的自信水平。

Objective Investigate the relationship between self-confidence of college students and their parental rearing. Methods By random sampling, 250 students from Heze College were chosen to conduct PEI and EMBU in May, 2012, and independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS 17.0. Results Totally 240 questionnaires were retrieved, giving a retrieving rate of 96% ; effective subjects were 223, meaning effective rate of 89. 2%. Among all subjects, 90.01% of them show their self-confidence of a general level; and there is a significant differ- ence between male and female students （ t = - 3. 498, P 〈 0. Ol ） , where the level of self-confidence of female students are higher （female： 131. 177± 12. 813, male： 124. 546 ± 12. 813） ; as in those factors of the severe punishment from fathers and over protection, male students （20. 419 ±8. 335） are more vulnerable than female students （17. 816 ±6. 458）, with P 〈 0. 05. The total score of self-confidence has a significantly positive correlation with over protection from fathers, and pa- rental severe punishment and rejection and denial; while a significantly negative correlation with mothers＇ emotional warmth and understanding and preference. Conclusion The self-confidence of college students can be improved through proper pa- rental rearing.