死亡教育干预对医学生死亡态度影响的准实验性研究

Effects of life-and-death education on attitudes towards death among medical students: a quasi-experimental study

目的分析死亡教育干预措施对于学生死亡焦虑以及医学生对临终病人交谈及谈论死亡态度的影响。方法 2010年10—11月,以选修《人的优逝》课程的120名医学生为试验组,以试验组学生的同班同学中未参加本课程学生120人为对照组,采用死亡焦虑量表及自编问卷分别在开课前及课程结束后1周内进行调查。结果试验组学生干预前后的死亡焦虑得分分别为(8.25±2.58)分和(7.49±2.56)分,差异有统计学意义(t=2.243,P=0.026);与临终病人谈论死亡的态度得分在干预前后分别为(2.79±1.08)分和(3.31±1.09)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.638,P<0.001);在干预结束后,试验组死亡焦虑得分低于对照组(7.82±2.45),差异有统计学意义(t=-2.499,P=0.013),与临终病人谈论交谈态度得分试验组(4.02±0.82)高于对照组(3.78±0.92),差异有统计学意义(t=-3.638,P<0.001);谈论死亡态度得分(3.31±1.09)高于对照组(2.94±0.98),差异有统计学意义(t=2.579,P=0.011)。结论生死教育有助于降低医学生的死亡焦虑,有助于减少学生对临终病人讨论死亡的顾虑。

Objective To explore the effect of life-and-death education program on death anxiety and attitudes to- wards death among medical students. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to collect 120 medical students who at- tended the 30 class-hours elective course, which was named as life-and-death educations, from October to November, 2010. The control group was consisted of 120 medical students, which were from the same specialties and did not attend life- and-death course. All the students completed the questionnaire including DSA in the first week of the course and a week after the course. Results After the course study, the sum of DAS in experimental group （8. 25 -± 2. 58） was significantly lower than beginning of the class （7. 49 ± 2. 56, t = 2. 243, P = 0. 026）, the attitude of talking with dying people about death （2.79 _± 1.08） was significantly higher than beginning of the class （3.31 _± 1.09, t = -3. 638, P 〈0. 001 ）, the sum of DAS in experiment group was significantly lower than that of control group （7.82 ± 2.45, t = - 2. 499, P = 0. 013 ）. The attitude of talking with dying people about death in experimental students （4. 02 ± 0. 82） was higher than that of control group （3.78 ± 0. 92, t = - 3. 638, P 〈 0. 0001 ）. The attitude of talking about death in experimental students （3.31 ± 1.09） was higher than that of control group （2.94 ±0.98, t = -2.579, P=0.011）. Conclusion The life-and-death program was effective on decreasing death anxiety.