工程地质学中冻土研究的系统与方法

System and Method of Geocryology in Engineering Geology

冻土属土质学范畴内的一种"特殊"土类,以地学研究的问题类型和俄罗斯工程地质学理论为基础,利用科学哲学的手段对冻土学研究的问题、系统类型、学科结构、研究任务、科学方法等方面进行了阐述.首先,对冻土进行了重新定义,从冻土的形态多样性入手说明了冻土学的研究对象;其次,提出冻土学中"今日"、"昨日"和"明日"3个问题;再次,针对冻土学研究的系统类型,并结合工程、冻土和环境的动态变化关系,将冻土学研究系统分为冻土-工程系统和冻土-环境系统,并从各个子系统(圈)的动态变化入手深入阐述其相互作用和相互制约的关系;然后,将广义工程地质学的学科结构应用于冻土学,并针对现今冻土学的发展状况,简要地展望了冻土学未来的理论-方法研究任务;最后对冻土学的科学研究方法进行了分类,并在此基础上阐述了冻土学与其他学科的相互联系.

Frozen soil is categorized as a ＂special＂ soil type in soil science.We use principles of philosophy to describe research issues,system types,discipline structure,research objectives and research methodology for geocryology in this paper,on the basis of problem types of geology and Russian theories of engineering geology.First,frozen soil is redefined,and then the research objectives of frozen soil are illustrated from their morphological diversity;secondly,three problem types in the field of frozen soil are generalized as follows：＂issues of today＂,＂issues of yesterday＂and＂issues of tomorrow＂;thirdly,the research system of geocryology is divided into the permafrost-engineering system,and the permafrost-environment system,according to its system types and the dynamic change among engineering,frozen soil and environment,and the interaction and mutual conditioning of its various subsystems（circle）are expounded;fourthly,the prospection of theory and practice of geocryology is discussed in the framework of discipline structure of general engineering geology;finally the research methods of geocryology are classified,and the interrelation between the frozen soil and other disciplines is explained.