从系统功能语言学扩展模式谈汉语的主语和主语结构

Chinese Subject and Subject Construction:from the Perspective of the Extended Model of Systemic Functional Linguistics

本文以Halliday系统功能语言学扩展模式为出发点,尝试解决汉语的主语和主语结构问题,认为主语是底层及物性语义关系中的主导参与者在语法形式层面的具体体现,从而说明汉语主语和英语等印欧语句的主语的同质性;主语分基本主语和准主语;典型小句只有一个主语;小句到复句的过渡现象可能有两个或以上的主语。

The subject phenomena in Mandarin Chinese have long been a thorny issue. The present attempt aims to solve the problem in terms of the extended model of systemic functional linguistics. The paper proposes that clausal subject is the realization of the leading participant of the underlying transitivity process. Such a definition circumscribes Chinese subject with a similar characteristic status as that in the Indo-European languages that recognize their sentence subject simply by formal markers. The paper sorts out the system of Mandarin subject into basic subject and pseudo subject; a typical clause has just one subject,while those utterances that locate between typical clauses and clause complexes may have two or more.