电位置换反应在空心结构Pt基燃料电池纳米催化剂中的研究进展

Hollow Pt-Based Nanocatalysts Synthesized through Galvanic Replacement Reaction for Application in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Pt基催化剂是质子交换膜燃料电池难以替代的催化剂,然而低储量高成本的Pt严重制约其商业化进程。如何在减少贵金属Pt用量的同时提高其电催化性能是该领域的核心问题之一。空心结构纳米催化剂活性面积大,催化活性高,稳定性好且显著减少贵金属的用量,其制备方法众多,其中电位置换法无需额外的去核、无需对模板表面进行功能化且易于控制,是制备空心结构纳米材料的主要方法。本文综述了近年来国内外利用电位置换反应制备空心Pt基纳米催化剂的最新进展,并对其发展和应用前景进行了展望。

Pt-based nanocatalysts are irreplaceable for proton exchange membrane fuel cells（PEMFCs）, while the low reserves and high cost of Pt severely impede their commercialization. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to reduce the amount of precious metals and improve their electrocatalytic performance at the same time. Nanocatalysts with a hollow interior possess a large active area, high catalytic activity, good stability, and significantly reduce the amount of noble metal. The synthesis methods for their preparation are various, wherein the galvanic replacement reaction without additional procedure to remove the core, without the functionalization to the template surface and with ease of control, is the main method to prepare hollow structural nanocatalysts.We review the recent developments of hollow Pt-based nanocatalysts synthesized by the galvanic replacement reaction. The further challenges and developments of hollow Pt-based nanocatalysts are also discussed.