农地的“三权分置”及改革问题:政策轨迹、文本分析与产权重构

“The Separation of Three Rights”of Rural Land and Reform Issues:Policy Track,Text Analysis and Property Reconstrction

十八届三中全会后,中央关于农地产权"三权分置"的改革思路日渐清晰,学术界从不同角度展开了讨论与研究,但是目前关于"三权分置"问题仍处于众说纷纭、缺乏共识的阶段。在对近年来地方和中央"三权分置"的政策演变轨迹进行梳理,并运用文本分析法分析中央"三权分置"政策中三权和承包经营权的主要特征后,论文深入辨析了学术界关于"三权分置"中承包权与经营权法律属性方面的共识与分歧,发现在"三权分置"和农地流转的条件下,承包权仍属于物权,并且与农地未流转条件下的原土地承包经营权一样,是集体成员基于其特定身份而享有的权利;经营权在土地承包经营权转包、出租和入股方式流转条件下属于债权性质,在转让和互换流转条件下属于物权性质。论文基于上述分析还对我国农地产权重构进行了初步探索。

Since the third plenary session of the 18 th central committee of the CPC,the reform idea from the central government on ＂the seperation of three rights＂of rural land is increasingly clear. The academic circle has conducted discussions and researches from different perspectives. However,currently the problem of＂the seperation of three rights＂is still in the stage of being without consensus. After sorting out the evolution track of local and central governmental policy of ＂the seperation of three rights＂in recent years and analyzing the main features of the three rights and the contract-management right of the central governmental policy of＂the seperation of three rights＂by using the text analysis method,the paper further discriminates the consensus and disagreement within the academic circle on the aspect of legal property of the contract right and the management right in ＂the seperation of three rights ＂,finding that under the condition of ＂the seperation of three rights＂and the rural land remise,the contract right still belongs to the property right,and is the right owned by collective members based on their specific identity,which is the same as the original land contract-management right under the condition of being without the rural land remise. The operation right belongs to the nature of creditor＇s right under the condition of subcontracting,renting and shareholding the land contract-management right,and belongs to the nature of property right under the condition of land remise and mutual exchange. Based on the above analysis,the paper also makes a preliminary exploration on China＇s rural land property reconstruction.