重庆市永川区小学留守与非留守儿童心理健康状况的对照研究

Contrastive study on mental health status between left-behind children and un-left-behind children in Yongchuan district of Chongqing city

目的了解重庆市永川区小学阶段留守儿童与非留守儿童心理健康状况,为留守儿童心理研究和制订预防留守儿童心理问题的策略和措施提供理论依据。方法选用小学生心理健康评定量表(MHRSP)对永川区4所小学4 987名在校小学生心理健康状况进行评定。其中非留守儿童3 482人(69.82%),留守儿童为1 505人(30.18%)。结果共收回有效问卷为4 753份,有效回收率为95.31%。留守儿童MHRSP总分偏离检出率为13.98%,明显高于非留守儿童MHRSP总分偏离检出率(6.33%);留守儿童学习障碍的偏离检出率为14.90%,情绪障碍的偏离检出率为16.81%,性格缺陷的偏离检出率为12.36%,社会适应障碍的偏离检出率为13.91%,品德缺陷的偏离检出率为14.27%,不良习惯的偏离检出率为15.61%,行为障碍的偏离检出率为16.53%,特种障碍的偏离检出率为11.72%,与非留守儿童相比,除性格缺陷、社会适应障碍、品德缺陷差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其他5项检出率及评分均高于非留守儿童。男生学习障碍、情绪障碍、不良习惯分量表得分均高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高年级学生在学习障碍、情绪障碍、性格缺陷、社会适应障碍、品德缺陷、行为障碍分量表得分高于低年级学生,差异有统计学差异意义(P<0.05)。结论重庆市永川区农村留守儿童心理健康水平较低,较非留守儿童问题更为严重,在开展小学生心理健康教育工作中,尤其应重视农村留守儿童的心理健康教育,并针对不同年龄和性别开展心理健康教育。

Objective To understand the mental health status between left-behind children and un-left-behind children during primary school period in Yongchuan district of Chongqing city,and to provide the theoretical basis for the study of the left-behind children children′s mental problems and formulating the strategy and measures for preventing their psychological problems.Methods The Mental Health Rate Scale for Pupil（MHRSP）was used to evaluate the mental health condition in 4 987 primary school pupils from 4primary schools in Yongcuan discrict,including 3 482un-left-behind children（69.82%）and 1 505left-behind children（30.18%）.Results Totally 4 753 effective questionnaires were taken back with the effective rate of 95.31%.The detection rate of total score deviation in left-behind children was 13.98%,which was significantly higher than in un-left-behind children（6.33%）.The deviation detection rate of learning disabilities in left-behind children was 14.90%,emotional disorder was 16.81%,character flaw was 12.36%,social adjustment disorder was 13.91%,moral defect was 14.27%,bad habits was 15.61%,behavior disorder rate was 16.53%and the special obstacles was 11.72%.Compared with un-left-behind children,excluding the character flaw,social adjustment and moral defect,the deviation detection rate and scores of other 5items in left-behind children were higher than those in un-left-behind children.The scores of learning disabilities,emotional disorder and bad habits in male pupils were higher than those in female pupils with statistical difference（P〈0.05）.The scores of learning disabilities,emotional disorder,character flaw and behavior disorder in the high grade pupils were higher than those in the low grade pupils,the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The mental health level of rural left-behind children in Yongchuan district is low,the problems are more serious compared with un-left-behind children.In carrying out the mental health education work in primary school pupils,especially the mental health education should be paid attention to rural left-behind children,moreover the mental health education should be carried out aiming at different ages and different genders.