自发性群聚活动安全的法治保障——兼论《大型群众性活动安全管理条例》的完善

Putting the Safety of Self-motivated Mass Activities under the Rule of Law: Concurrently on the Perfection of The Regulation on Security Administration of Large-scale Mass Activities

公共场所的人群聚集活动含有组织的大型群众性活动、有组织的小型群众性活动和自发性群众聚集活动。自发性群众聚集活动因人数的不同又包括自发性大型群众聚集活动和自发性小型群众聚集活动。国务院于2007年颁布的《大型群众性活动安全管理条例》针对的是有组织的大型群众性活动,缺乏对自发性群众聚集活动的规定。上海外滩12·31踩踏事件凸显了自发性群聚活动安全保障制度的不足。自发性群聚活动具有骤聚骤散、活动组织者缺乏、群聚目的和背景趋同、地方性特色浓厚、活动场所管理者相对明确等特点。紧扣自发性群聚活动的特点和规律,将条例更名为《公共场所人群聚集活动安全管理条例》,明确自发性群聚活动的安全责任原则,构建强制备案与任意备案相结合的安全保障机制,有利于完善我国公共场所人群聚集活动的安全保障体系。

Mass aggregation activities in public places include large- scale or small- scale organized mass activities and self- motivated group aggregation activities featuring large- scale or small- scale according to different numbers. The Regulation on Security Administration of Large- scale Mass Activities promulgated by the State Council in 2007 only transposes large- scale organized mass activities and is in lack of the rule for self- motivated group aggregation activities. Shanghai 12·31 Stampede shows the shortage of safety guarantee system of self- motivated group aggregation activities which has the features of quick gathering and quick dispersal and no organizer. It also has the features of strong local characteristics and to some extent the certainty of the place manager. We should follow the features closely and revise the Regulation. To rename the regulations as The Regulation on Security Administration of Group Aggregation Activities in Public Places,make security principle of group aggregation activities clear,and construct safety guarantee of combining compulsory record with optional record so as to perfect the safety guarantee system of group aggregation activities.