下游厂商自建产能时的供应链契约设计——基于上游厂商的视角

The Design of Supply Chain Contract in Case of Downstream Manufacturers Self-building Capacity:A study from the perspective of upstream suppliers

基于上游供应商的视角,分析下游厂商自建产能后,上游厂商的应对之策。结果表明:上游厂商可以通过采取两部选择权契约以保障自身产能投资和利润的风险转嫁问题。上游厂商的利润因下游具有自有产能而下降。但在两部选择权契约下,上游厂商能够收取保证金,虽然产能利用率风险受到转嫁,但利润变动的风险却较小。下游厂商具有产能者因自行生产而减少订购量,不具有产能者订购量将会因此增加,但两下游厂商的利润均会增加。采取两部选择权契约能使上游利润的变动风险小于其他契约,上游供应商的利润得以保障。

From the perspective of the upstream suppliers,this paper analyzes the upstream manufacturers＇ countermeasures when the downstream manufacturers expand the business capacity.The study reveals a number of findings.First,the upstream manufacturers can transfer the risk in investment and profit by taking a two-part option contract.Upstream manufacturers＇ profits will decrease because of the downstream manufacturers＇ expanding business capacity.In the two-part option contract,the upstream manufacturers may charge a deposit from the downstream firms,which will reduce the risk of changes in profit although the capacity utilization is restricted at the same time.Second,the downstream manufacturers with expanded capacity would reduce the amount of order,while the manufacturers without such capacity will therefore increase the order,and the profit of both upstream and downstream manufacturers will increase.Finally,the two-part option contract can reduce the upstream manufacturers＇ risk of losing profits compared with situations in other contracts,and therefore guarantee the upstream suppliers＇ profit.