补证《张协状元》编成于元代(二)——从[斗虾蟆]入手

Demonstration of Zhangxie Zhuangyuan Written in Yuan Dynasty( Two)——Start with Dou Hama

《张协状元》作为早期的南戏作品,它的编成年代不仅关系到南戏成熟于何时,更涉及到南北曲孰先成熟的学术争论。《张协状元》中有一支[斗黑麻]和四支[斗虼麻],通过对字音、格律等几个方面的分析,可知这两支曲牌均出自北曲,最初的写法是[斗虾蟆],"黑麻"、"虼麻"乃是字词的一音之转、行诸文本而产生的差异。[斗虾蟆]曲牌的产生应在元初前后,传入南方,并被《张协状元》的作者所使用,这个时间也稍晚于南宋中后期。

As one of the early works of Nanxi,the completion time of Zhangxie Zhuangyuan not only related to the maturity of Nanxi,but also related to the maturity time of south opera and north opera. There are one Dou Heima and four Dou Hama in Zhangxie Zhuangyuan,through the analysis of pronunciation,rhythm and other several aspects,it suggests that the two Qupais were from Beiqu,originally spelled Dou Hama,the spelling Heima、Gema,is the pronunciation changes,different writings on paper. Dou Hama was generating around the early Yuan Dynasty. It was introduced to the south opera,and was used by the author of Zhangxie Zhuangyuan,the time was later than Yuan Dynasty.