人力资本对劳动关系合作博弈转型的市场机制作用与实现路径——基于人力资本与物质资本博弈的视角

The Market Mechanism Role of Human Capital in Labor Relations Cooperative Game Transition and The Path to Achieve——Based on the Game Between Human Capital and Material Capital

一般情况下,企业劳动关系是"资本雇佣劳动"的隐性契约关系,"强资本弱劳动"是这种契约关系的常态。但劳资之间的谈判力差距会因雇员人力资本的增加而缩小。通用和专用人力资本存量越高的雇员拥有越强的"退出"能力和"岗位"能力,被替代的可能性也越低,所以与雇主之间的谈判力差距就越小,雇主不得不与该类雇员平等谈判,这是合作博弈劳动关系形成的基础。加快我国产业升级转型,促使企业重视人力资本竞争,创新高校人才培养模式,促进校企合作培养人才,这将有利于这一市场机制作用的发挥。

Generally,labor relations is the ＂capital-hired-labor＂ implicit contractual relationship.＂Strong capital weak labor＂ is the normal in this contractual relationship.However,the bargaining power gap between employee（s）and employer（s）can be narrowed due to employee＇ increased human capital.The more general and special human capital employee has,the smaller the bargaining power gap becomes,because he（she）a strong ＂exit-capacity＂,＂post-capacity＂ and low ＂substitutability＂,which forces employers to negotiate him（her）in relative equality,and which gives the basis for the labor relationship to return to the cooperative game.To accelerate the industrial upgrading and transformation,encourage enterprises to pay attention to human capital competition,innovate university talents training mode to promote school-enterprise cooperation in personnel training,will benefit the market mechanism to play a role.