城市的原罪,自然和人的灵性——由霍桑的《胎记》看19世纪美国小说

Sin of city to sagacity of nature and human beings——A study into the nineteenth century's American fiction by Hawthorne's Birthmark

十九世纪美国城市化的飞跃发展带来物质生活的极大繁荣及奢华,然而这难以掩盖城市中人内心的空虚,浮躁与迷茫。本文旨在通过对霍桑短篇小说《胎记》的解读,透视城市的集成单一以及不可逆的构建对人的心灵带来的束缚,压抑与扭曲。文中首先解读城市化的文学内涵;其次剖析霍桑小说《胎记》中对现代文明产物——城市的"原罪"控诉;最后纵观十九世纪美国小说的历时统一主题:对城市及现代文明的批判及反思,以及对自然和人灵性的回归。

Throughout the nineteenth century, America witnessed overwhelming development by industri- ous revolution. However, urban habitants＇ inner loss, fickleness and confusion became intensely unveiled by urban vigor and glory. This paper studies urban theme of Hawthorne＇s short fiction Birthmark by un- covering constraint and distortion of urban monotony and irreversible construction over human souls. Meanwhile the dynamic and diachronic theme in American fiction of nineteenth century is explored： reflec- tion on urban sin and modern civilization, and resort to sagacity of nature and human beings.