吉林省全人群听力障碍流行状况调查

Prevalence of Hearing Disorders Based Whole Population in Jilin Province, China

目的以吉林省全人群为基础,调查听力障碍现患率、致病原因、康复需求和服务状况。方法采用容量比例概率抽样方法,在吉林抽取36个社区/村调查点,于2014年8月~2015年1月使用＂世界卫生组织耳病和听力障碍调查方案＂进行调查,听力障碍、听力残疾诊断标准采用世界卫生组织推荐标准以及＂残疾人残疾分类和分级＂（GB/T 26341-2010）。结果应查9909人,实查9246人（应答率93.3%）。听力障碍标准化现患率为16.41%,听力残疾标准化现患率为4.78%。不同年龄、性别、居住地、职业、婚姻状态、文化程度、家庭收入人口的听力障碍现患率存在显著性差异;不同民族人口听力障碍现患率无显著性差异。听力障碍主要致病原因为非感染性疾病（47.33%）、耳病（14.17%）、原因不明（13.89%）、噪声（8.59%）。听力障碍者接受过干预服务的比例为11.02%,听力残疾人使用助听器的比例为5.58%,使用人工耳蜗的比例为0.67%。结论人口自然特征和经济社会因素对听力障碍现患率有显著影响。听力障碍致病原因以非感染性疾病、耳病和噪声为主。听力障碍患者服务利用率低,听力残疾人助听设备配戴率低,听力障碍预防与康复工作亟待加强。

Objective To investigate the prevalence, etiology, rehabilitation demands and service condition of hearing disorders based on the whole population in Jilin Province, China. Methods Using the probability proportion to size（PPS） sampling, 9246（93.3%） out of9909 residents sampled form 36 counties were targeted for investigation from August, 2014 to January, 2015, followed the WHO Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol. The hearing loss and disability were classified as WHO recommended and Classification and Grading Criteria of Disability（GB/T 26341- 2010）. Results The standardized prevalence of hearing loss and disability was 16.41% and 4.78%, respectively. Age, sex, residence, occupation and marriage status, education level and household income were significantly associated with hearing loss prevalence, while nationality was not. The main etiologies included non-infectious disease（47.33%）, ear disease（14.17%）, unknown causation（13.89%）, and noise（8.59%）. Among all people with hearing loss, those who accepted intervention service accounted for11.02%. Among all people with hearing disability, those who used hearing aids accounted for 5.58%, and 0.67% used artificial cochlea. Conclusion Demographics and socioeconomic factors are significantly associated with the prevalence of hearing loss. The main etiology contains non-infectious disease, ear disease and noise. Both the rate of service utilization among people with hearing loss and the rate of adopting hearing aids among people with hearing disability are low. It is needed to do more in prevention and rehabilitation of hearing impairment.