应用SF-12量表评价农村老年人生存质量

Quality of life and its influencing factors of the rural elderly in Wendeng district of Weihai

目的应用SF-12量表调查威海市文登区农村老年人的生存质量,分析其可能影响因素。方法采用分层抽样和随机抽样相结合的方法选取威海市文登区300位农村老年人进行问卷调查,调查内容包括一般人口学特征、认知功能(SPMSQ量表)、自理能力(ADL&IADL)、抑郁状况(GDS-15)、生存质量(SF-12)。结果农村老年人生存质量生理总评分(PCS)与心理总评分(MCS)分别为(50.00±10.18)分、(50.00±9.89)分;回归分析结果显示,威海市文登区农村老年人生理各维度得分的影响因素为文化程度、子女数量、月收入、婚姻状况、患慢性病、IADL、抑郁、自评健康状况8个因素;心理各维度得分的影响因素为文化程度、子女数量、居住方式、ADL、IADL、患慢性病、抑郁7个因素。结论该地区农村老年人生存质量总体状况较好,但低文化水平与低收入的独居老年人生存质量较差,身心健康状况差是主要影响因素。为全面提升农村老年人生存质量,在加强老年人躯体功能康复的同时也应营造良好的家庭社会氛围,缓解抑郁情绪。

Objective To investigate the status of quality of life（ QOL） and its influencing factors of rural elderly in Wendeng District of Weihai by using the SF-12. Methods A total of 300 elderly persons were selected by the combined stratified and random sampling method. Persons received questionnaire interview on socio-demographic characteristics,cognitive status（ SPMSQ）,physical function（ ADLIADL）,depression（ GDS-15）,and quality of life（ SF-12）. Results The mean scores of PCS and MCS were（ 50. 00±10. 18） and（ 50. 00±9. 89）,respectively. Multivariate regressive analysis showed that the factors affecting physical domains were education,number of children,monthly income,marital status,the presence of chronic diseases,IADL,depression,and self-rating health status. The factors affecting psychological domains were education,number of children,living style,ADL,IADL,the presence of chronic diseases,and depression. Conclusions The QOL is generally good among rural elderly in Wendeng district of Weihai,socioeconomic disparities still exist,with worse QOL among elderly living alone who have low income and education level. The poor physical and mental health condition are the main influencing factors. Health interventions should be targeted to low socioeconomic elderly to improve their QOL by addressing the recovery of physical function and the relief of depression as well.