基于地质剖面构建三维地质模型的方法研究

Methods of Three-dimension Geological Modeling Based on Geological Sections

地质剖面是三维地质建模的重要数据源,运用地质剖面构建三维地质模型的方法应用较为广泛。在模型构建之前,统一确定模数据的坐标系和比例足,建立原始资料数据库。构建三维地质模型的关键是不同地质界面。本文详细介绍了模型边界面、断层面、地层界面、岩体界面等4种主要地质界面的构建流程与方法,尤其对褶皱构造、地层界面的断层效应、复杂岩体界面等的构建进行了重点阐述按模型边界面(模型的底界面和四周边界面)、DEM面、断层面、其他地质界面的顺序依次构建地质界面,构建断层面和其他地质界面时严格按先新后老的顺序。运用已构建好的地质界面按先新后老的顺序逐个、依次建立单个地质体,再将所有地质体的面模型组合成整个模型的面模型。通过对面模型进行网格(实体)填充和对网格赋予相应的属性值,最终构建三维地质模型。

Geological section data is an important data source of 3D geological modeling. The method using geological sections has been widely applied to construction of three-dimensional geological models. Before building a model, a unified coordinate system and scale of each modeling data are chosen to establish original database. Building different geological interfaces is the key to construct a 3D geological model. This paper introduces the building process and method of the four main geological interfaces, i.e. boundary surface, fault plane, formation interface and rock mass interface, especially expounding the building of the fold structure, fault effect of strata interface and the complex rock mass body. According to the sequence of boundary surfaces （around the bottom interface and the boundary interfaces）, DEM surface and fault plane on the surface of the other geological interfaces, all geological interfaces are constructed in turn. The building of the fault plane and other geological interfaces should strictly follow the order of the old first and the new next. This principle is also applicable for building 2D geological units or planar models using the interfaces constructed already. Then all the 2D geological units are integrated into the whole 2D model. Finally filling the 2D model grids （entity） and assigning all the grids with the corresponding attributes yield the final 3D geological model.