安阳市长寿老人健康状况与长寿相关因素调查研究

Analysis on health status and longevity related factors of longevity of the elderly in Anyang

目的探讨非长寿地区长寿老人健康长寿的影响因素。方法对安阳市长寿老人3 275人的家族清况、生活方式、居住环境及主要慢性病的患病状况等进行入户问卷调查,对其中2 690人进行入户体检。结果 3 275位长寿老人中男性730人(22.29%),女性2 545人(77.71%);≥100岁74人(2.26%),占总人口的1.37/10万;长寿老人文盲与半文盲90.86%,丧偶或无伴88.50%,与子女共同生活85.15%,目前经济来源主要依靠子女86.87%;有家族长寿史68.38%,出生时母亲平均年龄23.80岁;长寿老人女性生育最后一胎时≥40岁占36.33%,绝经年龄≥50岁占46.77%。饮用自来水等有利于健康的饮用水类型96.66%,与人交往60.48%,对睡眠状况自我感觉良好51.76%,吸烟率9.42%,饮酒率13.62%,每天喝牛奶16.45%,每天吃水果为20.08%,每餐吃蔬菜53.48%;平时少量运动(活动)和劳动74.98%,主要疾病流调总患病率为32.76%,体检高血压48.26%,10年来没做过健康体检者75.60%。结论安阳市长寿老人健康长寿的特征性影响因素表现在:先天性因素(包括家族遗传因素、出生及女性因素)、生活方式行为习惯中的合理因素以及饮用水状况等对于长寿老人健康长寿起重要的作用;疾病、医疗保障薄弱、饮食质量较差、经济收入低处于相对贫困状态等因素不利于长寿老人健康长寿。

Objective To discuss the factors of longevity people＇s health and longevity in non-longevity region. Methods 3 275 objects were surveyed in their own homes by questionnaires to obtain their family dynamics, lifestyle, living environment and prevalence of main chronic diseases. 2690 objects did medical examination in their own homes. Results 730 men（22.29 % ） and 2 545 women（77.71% ） among 3 275 longevity people; 74 people （2.26 % ） are or more than 100 years old, accounting for 1.37/100000 of the total population; the percent of illiteracies and semi illiteracies is 90.86 %, of the widowed or unaccompanied is 88.50 %, of the people who live with their offspring is 85.15 %, of the people whose financial resources are their offspring is 86.87 %, of the people have the family history of longevity is 68.38 %. The average age of tbeirmothers when they were born is 23.80. The percent of the longevity women who gave birth to the last child when they were 40 or more than 40 years old is 36.33 %, of the longevity women whose menopause age is 50 or more than 50 is 46.77 %. The percent of healthy drinking water, such as tap water, is 96.66 %, of the people who communicate with others is 60.48 %, of the people who feel good about sleep is 51.76 %. The smoking rate is 9.42 %. The rate of drinking is 13.62 %. The percent of people who drink milk everyday is 16.45 %, of people who eat fruits everyday is 20.08 %, of the people who eat vegetables each meal is 53.48 %, of people who do sports and work is 74.98 %. The epidemiological survey total prevalence rate of main diseases is 32.76 %. The percent of people who have hypertension is 48.26 %, of the people who didn＇t have physical examinations in the last ten years is 75.60 %. Conclusions The factors of health and longevity of longevity people in Anyang are congenital factors （genetic factors, birth and female factors）, the reasonable factors of lifestyle and behavior custom and drinking water condition. Those factors play an important role in health and longevity; diseases, weak medical security, poor diet, low income and being in a relative poor state go against health and longevity for longevity people.