选择性、传统还是适应:流动对农村育龄妇女男孩偏好的影响研究

Selectivity,Tradition or Acculturation: The Effect of Migration on Son Preference of Rural Reproductive Women

我国人口的大规模流动正在改变着农村育龄妇女的生育观念,传统生育观念中的男孩偏好逐步弱化。文章梳理了流动对人们生育观念影响的相关理论,并通过对调查数据的分析,在控制了人口流动的选择偏差的条件下,比较了从未流动的农村育龄妇女和有流动经历的农村育龄妇女在男孩偏好方面的差异,并进一步研究了"流动时是否与丈夫在一起"的经历对农村育龄妇女男孩偏好的影响。结果表明,有流动经历和没有流动经历的妇女在男孩偏好方面确实存在显著的差异,这种差异一方面是由于流动的选择性造成的,另一方面也源于流动使妇女的生育观念更为现代化,弱化了她们的男孩偏好。但是,流出地的文化传统依然通过家庭和社区影响着妇女生育的性别偏好。

The large-scale population migration is changing the child-bearing concepts of rural women,and weakening the traditional son preference for children. This paper reviews relevant theories about the effect of migration on the child-bearing concepts,analyzes the survey data and compares the difference of son preference among rural reproductive women who never migrated and those who had migration experiences when controlling for the selection bias of migration. This paper further examines the effect of their experiences of migration with or without husband on son preference. Results indicate that there is a significant difference of son preference between rural women who don＇t have migration experience and those who have.On one hand,this difference is partly a result of the selectivity of migration; on the other hand,it is because migration modernizes the child-bearing concepts of rural women and weakens their son preference. However,the traditional culture of the outflow regions still influences the gender preference of rural women through families and communities.