21世纪以来中国航空货运空间变化研究

The Spatial Pattern of China Air Cargo Transportation in 21^(st) Century

基于标准差椭圆和空间基尼系数,利用2001~2012年机场和航段的数据对中国航空货运空间变化特征进行分析,为制定航空货运产业发展战略和优化航空货运网络布局提供决策参考。结果表明:1航空货运的空间格局和经济格局分布一致,航空货运中心由东南沿海地区向西北内陆方向移动;2航空货运网络由混合式网络向轴辐式枢纽网络转化,由单一机场枢纽发展形成了京津、沪杭、广深和成渝4个组合枢纽;3航空货运在机场和航段上分布趋于分散;4航空货运主通道集中了30%以上的运输量。

The domestic express market in China expands quickly since 2000. Air cargo transportation industry becomes a new growth point in China civil aviation transportation industry. In 2012, China civil aviation cargo turnover volume is 57.44× 10^8 tn-km, second behind US in the world. China air transportation varies from both time and space with the international air freight transportation market change and domestic air freight transportation rise. Air freight transportation is a very important part of air transportation and flight network is its spa- tial carrier to provide air transport service. Illustration of China air transportation feature and its spatial pattern to both air freight transportation industry and aviation industry will contribute to formulate aviation industry development strategy, which has a very important theoretical significance and practical value to China air freight transportation industry development and airline network layout optimization. The air transportation and its spatial pattern are the important topics in air transport field in China. Currently concerning studies are main- ly focusing on the passenger traffic. Thus, this paper analyzes the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of air cargo transportation in China based on SDE and Spatial Gini index. SDE is used to describe temporal process of the element spatial distribution. Spatial Gini index is used to measure element concentration in network. With domestic airport and flight segment data from 2001 to 2012, this paper calculates SDE and Spatial Gini index to describe China air cargo transportation and its spatial pattern. The result shows： 1） The spatial pattern of the air cargo transportation is consistent with the economic pattern, mainly concentrating in Shanghai and Hangzhou--the core of Changjiang River Delta, Guangzhou and Shenzhen--the core of Zhujiang River Delta, Beijing and Tianjin--the core of Beijing and Tianjin District, as well as developed areas in western China, （e. g.） Chengdu and Chongqing）. China flight transport center is moving to the northwest inland region from the southeast coastal areas; 2） Four combination airports （e.g. Beijing/Tianjin, Shanghai/Hangzhou, Guangzhou/ Shenzhen and Chengdu/Chongqing） replace Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou and become four highly concen- trated regional air freight transport combination hubs. Air freight network is changing from coexistence hybrid network （point-to-point structure, hub-and-spoke hub structure） to hub-and-spoke network. 3） The air cargo at the airports and flight segments tends to disperse, and its volume on hub airports and main routes reduces slowly year on year. Regional airports and branch flight segments undertake more and more air cargo. 4） The air cargo transportation main corridors are established between four combination hubs. On those corridors, the total air cargo volume reduces from 47.04% in 2001 to 30.91% in 2012.