区域旅游生态效率实证分析——以海南省为例

Regional Tourism Eco-Efficiency Model and an Empirical Research of Hainan Province

基于旅游碳足迹、生态效率、旅游经济效应等理论,构建了旅游生态效率模型,在定量计算海南省2012年旅游生态效率值的基础上,对旅游生态效率区域差异进行了成因机制分析。主要结论有:1海南省2012年旅游交通生态效率为0.898元/kg,旅游住宿生态效率为7.13元/kg,旅游活动生态效率为16.32元/kg,旅游综合生态效率为1.787元/kg,旅游活动和旅游住宿的生态效率值大于旅游交通生态效率值。2在出行距离既定的情况下,优化旅游生态效率的措施在于:提高人均消费水平、延长平均停留时间、增加平均参与活动频次,即"短距离、长停留、高消费"的市场模式有利于优化旅游生态效率,反之,"长距离、短停留、低消费"的市场模式则拉低了旅游生态效率值。3海南省旅游者外部交通平均距离较大、乘坐飞机旅游者比例较高、旅游收入统计值低于实际值等原因叠加起来使其旅游生态效率水平略次于部分旅游地。

Based on the theory of the Tourism Carbon Footprint, Tourism Eco-efficiency and Tourism Econom- ic Effects, this article proposed the concept and model of Tourism Eco-efficiency. This study took Hainan Province as a research object, calculated the tourism eco-efficiency value of Hainan Province in 2012 quantitatively, and made a mechanism analysis on regional differences of tourism eco-efficiency. According to the empirical research, this article drew some conclusions as follows： 1） In term oft he tourism eco-efficiency of Hainan Province in 2012, the tourism eco-efficiency of tourism transport was 0.898 yuan/kg, the tourism eco-efficiency of tourism accommodation is 7.13 yuan/kg, the tourism eco-efficiency of tourism activity or amusement was 16.32 yuan/kg, the total tourism eco-efficiency was 1.787 yuardkg, the tourism eco-efficiency value of tourism activity and tourism accommodation is greater than tourism transport. 2） In case of the same travel distance, there were some measures to enhance the tourism eco-efficiency as follows： to improve the level of per capita consumption, to extend the average residence time, to increase the average frequency of participation of tourism activities, it is also known as an theory that tourism market structure with ＂short-distance, long stay, high consumption＂ is conducive for optimizing tourism eco-efficiency, vice versa, tourism market structure with ＂long-distance, short stay, lower consumption＂ will drives down the value of tourism eco-efficiency. 3） The reasons that the tourism eco-efficiency of Hainan Province is lower than some compared destination could be summarized as： longer tourists average outside transport distance, higher proportion of tourists choosing aircraft as transport model, tourism revenues by statistics relatively lower to the actual consumption figure.