纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂的制备及其应用

Preparation and Application of Nano Carbon-supported PbO·CuO Composite Catalysts

采用三元溶胶一凝胶技术和超临界干燥法制备出纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂，用扫描电镜和元素分析仪对其颗粒表面进行形貌表征和元素分析；将其应用至交联改性双基推进剂中，研究了该复合催化剂对推进剂燃烧性能及火焰结构的影响，并与同配比的微米级PbO／CuO／CB混合催化剂进行了对比。结果表明，采用该方法制备的纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂颗粒分布均匀，单组分含量可以有效控制，PbO和CuO均匀负载在纳米炭上，颗粒尺寸为3O～60nm，可有效改善交联改性双基推进剂的燃烧性能；当PbO、CuO、CB的摩尔比为5：10：3时，推进剂在10～20MPa内的燃速压强指数可降至0．36；与含微米级PbO／CuO／CB混合催化剂的推进剂相比，含纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂的推进剂火焰燃面更不规则，火焰亮度和亮黄丝线明显增加，燃烧更为剧烈，表明纳米炭载PbO·CuO复合催化剂对交联改性双基推进剂催化效果明显优于微米级PbO／CuO／CB混合催化剂。

The nano carbon-supported PbO·CuO composite catalyst was prepared by ternary sol-gel process and supercritical drying method.Analysis on morphology characterization and elemental analysis of particles surface of the catalyst were performed by scanning electron microscopy and element analysis instrament.The effect of nano carbonsupported PbO·CuO composite catalysts on the combustion characteristics and flame structures of the cross-linking modified double-base propellants was studied.The comparison of the catalytic role of micro PbO/CuO/CB mixed catalyst with the same proportion on the combustion process of the propellant was performed.The results show that the particles distribution of prepared nano carbon-supported PbO·CuO composite catalysts are uniform.The single component content can effectively control.The PbO and CuO can be uniformly loaded on nano carbon,and the particle size is in the range of 30 to 60nm.The combustion characteristics of cross-linking modified double-base propellants can be obviously improved by the using of nano carbon-supported PbO·CuO composite catalysts,which pressure exponent of burning rate in the pressure range of 10-20 MPa can be decreased to 0.36 with the molar ratio of PbO,CuO,CB of5∶10∶3.In comparison with micro PbO/CuO/CB mixed catalyst,the flame burning surface of cross-linking modified double-base propellants with nano carbon-supported PbO·CuO composite catalysts is more irregular,brightness of the flame and bright yellow silk are significantly increased,and the combustion is more intense.The catalytic effect of nano carbon-supported PbO·CuO composite catalysts on the combustion of cross-linking modified double-base propellant is superior to that of micro PbO/CuO/CB mixed catalysts.