大蒜素对鲫非特异免疫指标影响的研究

Effects of garlicin on nonspecific immune indices of crucian carp Carassius auratus

为评价大蒜素对鲫Carassius auratus非特异性免疫功能的影响，在鲫基础饲料中分别添加250、500mg／kg的大蒜素，并对鲫进行42d的养殖试验，其中试验的第1～28天饲喂含大蒜素的试验饲料，第29～42天饲喂不含大蒜素的基础饲料。结果表明：与投喂基础饲料的对照组相比，添加250mg／kg剂量的大蒜素能显著提高鲫血清补体C3活力（P〈0．05），而添加500mg／kg剂量的大蒜素则能显著抑制鲫血清补体C3、C4活力（P〈0．05），改投不含大蒜素的基础饲料后，该剂量组C4活性仍显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）：添加250、500mg／kg剂量的大蒜素能显著提高鲫血清、肝胰脏、肾脏和脾脏中溶菌酶（LZM）活力（P〈0．05），改投不含大蒜素的基础饲料的14d内，250、500mg／kg剂量组血清LZM活性及500mg／kg剂量组肾脏和脾脏LZM活性仍有显著升高（P〈0．05）；添加250mg／kg剂量的大蒜素能显著提高肝胰脏和脾脏中一氧化氮（NO）含量（P〈0．05），添加500mg／kg大蒜素能显著提高血清和脾脏中NO含量（P〈0．05），但该剂量显著抑制肝胰脏NO含量（P〈0．05），250、500mg／kg剂量组肾脏中NO含量在第42天时均显著高于对照水平（P〈0．05）。研究表明，鲫基础饲料中大蒜素的适宜添加剂量为250mg／kg。

A 42 day feeding trail was conducted to evaluate impact of diets supplemented with garlicin at a dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg on non-specific immune function of crucian carp Carassius auratus. The crucian carp with initial body weight of (280±15)g was fed the diets containing garlicin in the early 28 days, and then fed the control diet without supplementation of garlicin for the rest later days. The results showed that the serum C3 activity was increased significantly in the fish fed the diet containing garlicin at a rate of 250 mg/kg compared with the fish in the control group (P<0. 05). However, the serum C3, and C4 activities were shown to be decreased significant-ly in the fish fed the diet containing garlicin at a rate of 500 mg/kg ( P<0 . 05 ) and the serum C4 activity was still declined significantly(P<0. 05) in the fish fed the control diet. The fish fed the diets containing garlicin at a rate of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg had significantly higher LZM activities in serum, hepatopancreas, kidney and spleen (P<0. 05) than the fish fed the control diet did. There was significantly higher LZM activity in serum in the fish fed the diet containing garlicin at a rate of 250 mg/kg and significantly higher LZM activities in serum, kidney and spleen in the fish fed the diet containing garlicin at a rate of 500 mg/kg garlicin ( P<0 . 05 ) even when the fish fed the control diet. There were significantly higher contents of NO in hepatopancreas and spleen in the fish fed the diet containing garlicin at a rate of 250 mg/kg, and in serum and spleen in the fish fed the diet containing garlicin at a rate of 500 mg/kg (P<0. 05),instead of hepatopancrease, compared with the fish in the control group (P<0. 05). There were significantly higher contents of NO in kidney in the fish fed the diet containing garlicin at a rate of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg in 42 days (P<0. 05) than in the fish fed the control diet. It is recommended that the opti-mal addition of garlic in feed was at a dose of 250 mg/kg diet.