旋耕式秸秆深埋还田开沟机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Straw Deep Returning Rotary Ditching Machine

针对铧式犁在秸秆深埋还田作业过程中作业效果不理想的缺点,研制了一种能够应用于大田秸秆深埋还田的旋耕式开沟机。首先,利用SOLIDWORKS三维软件进行了总体结构及关键部件设计,研制了1KG-70型秸秆深埋还田开沟机,并对关键部件进行了动力学分析,建立了动力学数学模型;其次,利用ADAMS仿真软件对关键部件进行了仿真分析,表明开沟刀片采用对称布置有利于开沟刀轴工作平稳;最后,以旋耕式秸秆深埋还田开沟机前进速度、旋耕转速、导土板角度为试验因素,抛土距离为试验指标,采用正交试验方法进行了田间试验,通过方差分析研究了不同因素对试验指标的影响,优化了旋耕式秸秆深埋还田开沟机结构参数。分析结果表明:前进速度和导土板角度对抛土距离影响极显著,旋耕转速对抛土距离影响较显著。田间试验结果表明:前进速度为1m·s-1、旋耕转速为300r·min-1、导土板角度为60°时,平均抛土距离为85cm,碎土率为96.7%,说明该旋耕式秸秆深埋还田机具有很好的碎土效果并能满足抛土要求。

The use of ditch plough furrowing machine for straw deep returning has many disadvantages. Therefore, a rotary machinefor straw deep returning is developed as a better alternative. The overall scheme and key components of the machine were designedusing SOLIDWORKS software. The dynamic analysis of key parts was carried out, and the mathematical model was also established.The developed model was simulated using ADAMS simulation software. The ditching blades were assumed to adopt a symmetricalarrangement, which is good for the ditching shaft to work smoothly. A field test was carried out using an orthogonal method of fieldoperation. The machine forward speed, rotary speed and soil guide plate angle were considered as experimental variables, while thesoil throwing distance as the field performance index. An analysis of variance （ANOVA） was conducted to determine the effect ofthe variables on the performance index, thus to optimize the operational parameters of the machine. Analysis results showed that theforward speed and soil guide plate angle have significant effect on throwing distance, and rotary speed has effect on throwingdistance of soil.Results show that for a forward speed of 1m.s-1, rotary speed of 300r.min-1 and angle of plate guide of 60毅, thethrowing distance and percentage of broken soil are 85cm and 96.7% respectively. It could be concluded that the developedditching machine has been found to be efficient in terms soil breaking and throwing.