德国《可再生能源法》实施及调整对其沼气产业发展的影响分析

The Impact of Implementation and Adjustment of the German Renewable Energy Sources Act on Its Development of Biogas Industry

德国《可再生能源法》是推动其可再生能源发展的重要法律文件。本文介绍了该法规的出台背景,着重量化分析了自2004年以来德国《可再生能源法》四次修改调整对沼气产业发展的影响,包括德国新增沼气发电站数量和总装机容量、能源作物种植面积的变化以及补贴措施。分析结果表明,《可再生能源法》的调整对沼气产业的发展影响显著,该法规EEG-2004和EEG-2009强烈刺激了沼气产业的快速发展,而EEG-2012和EEG-2014则修正了沼气产业的过快发展。《可再生能源法》对上网电价补贴的合理制定,实施效果评估机制的建立和逐步引导沼气产业市场化机制的设计保障了德国沼气产业的健康有序发展。本文同时还讨论了德国案例对我国沼气发展的启示,对我国发展沼气产业政策提出了包括后端补贴在内的建议。

Germany took a leading role in developing its biogas industry among European Union members and GermanRenewable Energy Sources Act （EEG） was crucial for its renewable energy development. Ever since the enforcement of thecode in 2000, it underwent four adjustments in line with the effect of implementation and problems encountered. Our studyinitially introduced the enactment background, the core content of the code and specific items in biogas sector. The impacton German biogas industry resulted from four adjustments of the law since 2004 was then quantitatively analyzed. With thetransition of developmental background, the number and total capacity of newly installed biogas plants, along withcultivation area of energy crop and basic feed-in tariffs, were compared and the reasons for the variation were illustrated.The complete developing course of German biogas industry over 15 years with Renewable Energy Sources Act in force wasalso reviewed in this study. The analysis result indicated that German biogas industry had been significantly influenced bythe code in that EEG-2004 and EEG-2009 stimulated its rapid development by granting substantial bonuses, whileEEG-2012 and EEG-2014 corrected its excessive expanding, encouraging the power of renewable energy to compete withthat of other sources in the market. In light of the impact by the Renewable Energy Sources Act, inspirations and lessonsfrom German case on how China should develop its biogas industry were also discussed, including terminal subsidy.