先天性心脏病患儿151例影响因素分析

Influencing factors analysis on 151 cases of congenital heart disease children

目的研究父母年龄及其相关因素对儿童先天性心脏病的影响,为预防先天性心脏病的发病提供参考依据,进而降低发病率。方法采用病例对照的研究方法,病例组为山西省儿童医院2013~2015年确诊为先天性心脏病的患儿,对照组为同一地区无先天性疾病的儿童中随机选取,对两组儿童的父母进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 20.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果采用单因素及多因素Logistic条件回归模型综合分析,最终确定5个危险因素：父亲年龄（OR=1.487）、母亲年龄（OR=1.641）、孕早期接触化学性物质（OR=2.361）、孕早期感染（OR=2.615）、孕早期主被动吸烟（OR=2.551）,2个保护因素：孕早期规律服用叶酸（OR=0.286）、孕早期维生素的摄入（OR=0.250）。结论父母高龄、孕早期接触化学性物质、孕早期感染、孕早期主动吸烟是危险因素,孕早期服用叶酸、孕期合理服用维生素属于保护性因素。由于先天性心脏病儿童病死率高,应加强预防,降低病死率。

Objective To study the influence of parents＇ age and related factors on congenital heart disease in children, and to provide a reference for the prevention of congenital heart disease, and to reduce the incidence of disease. Methods Case control study method was applied. The case group was diagnosed as congenital heart disease in children＇s Hospital of Shanxi Province in 2014-2015, and the control group was randomly selected for children with congenital disease in the same region. The parents of the two groups were investigated by questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20 software. Results Using single factor and multiple factor Logistic regression model analysis, the final 5 risk elements were determined： father＇s age, mother＇s age, early pregnant exposure to chemical substances, cold, and active or passive smoking. 2 protective factors： early pregnancy law taking folic acid, early pregnancy vitamin intake. Conclusions Old parents, early pregnant exposure to chemical substances, cold, and active or passive smoking are risk factors. Early pregnancy law taking folic acid and early pregnancy vitamin intake are protective elements. Because of the high mortality of congenital heart disease, the prevention should be strengthened and the mortality rate should be reduced.