子痫前期发病高危因素研究进展

Advances in risk factors of preeclampsia

子痫前期是最常见的妊娠期特发性疾病之一,主要表现为血压升高、蛋白尿和水肿,可导致严重的孕期并发症包括胎盘早剥、子痫、脑出血性疾病和心力衰竭等,是导致孕产妇和围产儿死亡的主要原因之一。但迄今为止,子痫前期的发病高危因素仍未完全阐明。近年来研究提示子痫前期的主要高危因素包括:子痫前期家族史、低龄孕妇或者高龄孕妇、高体质量指数的孕妇、初次妊娠、妊娠合并慢性高血压、慢性肾炎、妊娠剧吐、营养不良、妊娠合并糖尿病、贫血和妊娠时季节等。本文就子痫前期发病高危因素的国内外研究进展进行综述。

Preeclampsia is one of the most common disease in pregnancy, which is charactered by high blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema during pregnancy and can lead to serious complications, including placental abruption, preeclampsia, cerebral bleeding disorders and heart failure. It is one of the main causes of maternal and perinatal death. But so far, the risk factors of preeclampsia have not yet been fully elucidated. It is currently found that the major risk factors of preeclampsia include family history of preeclampsia, pregnant or younger than 35 years old, high maternal BMI, nulliparous women, chronic hypertension complicating pregnancy, chronic nephritis, hyperemesis gravidarum, malnutrition, gestational diabetes, anemia and pregnancy seasons. In this paper, the domestic and foreign research progress about risk factors of preeclampsia were reviewed.