细胞自噬与肿瘤的研究进展

Research progress of autophagy and tumor

细胞自噬是细胞在某些刺激因素下,细胞内膜性结构包绕损伤的蛋白或细胞器,并通过溶酶体融合降解损伤的蛋白质或细胞器的过程;生理状况下的自噬,对于维持细胞稳态有积极作用;肿瘤形成以后,细胞自噬反为癌细胞提供更多的营养,起到促进肿瘤发展的功能。自噬主要有三种方式,即分子伴侣介导的自噬、微自噬和巨自噬,均通过两个泛素化途径实现。细胞自噬可以通过影响DNA损伤修复、细胞应激反应、肿瘤基因表达、凋亡及病毒感染反应等诸多过程参与细胞癌变,也可能在肿瘤治疗过程中降低了对于化疗和放疗的敏感性,但是在肿瘤进展的不同时期,不同肿瘤之间自噬活性的变化不一。自噬过程中的重要中间产物或关键酶可能成为抗肿瘤药物的靶标,拓展了肿瘤防治思路。

Cell autophagy is one of the important process of the material flow in the cell in the process of some of the damaged proteins and organelles by double membrane structure of autophagy vesicles package, then, to the lysosome degradation and recycling. Autophagy has a positive role for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. After tumor formation, cell autophagy provides more nutrition for cancer cells, which plays a role in promoting tumor. There are three main ways of autophagy, that are, the molecular chaperone mediated autophagy, microautophagy and macroautophagy, which are achieved by the two ubiquitin pathways. Autophagy may be involved in the cellular carcinogenesis by affecting the DNA damage repair, cell stress response, tumor gene expression, apoptosis, and viral infection. But in different stages of the tumor, autophagy may also reduce the sensitivity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer, the changes of the activity of the different tumors are different from each other. Important intermediate products or key enzymes in the process of autophagy have also become the target of antitumor drugs, and the new method of tumor prevention and treatment has been expanded.