不同缺血性卒中亚型危险因素研究进展

Updated data on risk factors for subtypes of acute ischemic stroke

缺血性卒中预防的首要目标是对其相关危险因素的及时诊断和积极干预。尽管近年来许多新的危险因素逐渐被发现,但高血压、糖尿病及心房颤动仍是急性缺血性卒中最常见的危险因素。研究表明,不同缺血性卒中亚型有不同的危险因素。心房颤动及缺血性心脏病常见于心源性脑栓塞患者,高血压和糖尿病则常见于腔隙性梗死患者,而外周血管疾病、高血压、糖尿病与动脉粥样硬化型卒中相关。本文将对不同缺血性卒中亚型危险因素的最新进展作一综述。

Timely diagnosis and control of related risk factors are priority objective for adequate prevention of acute ischemic stroke. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation are the most common risk factors for acute ischemic stroke, although many novel risk factors have been identified. However, the risk factors differ according to the different subtypes of ischemic stroke. Atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease are more frequent in patients with cardioembolic infarction, hypertension and diabetes mellitus are more frequent in patients with lacunar stroke, and vascular peripheral disease, hypertension and diabetes are more frequent in patients with atherothrombotic stroke. This review aimed to present recent studies on risk factors for subtypes of ischemic stroke.