基于公交IC卡数据的区域公交压力指数研究

A Study of Zonal Transit Loading Index Based on IC Card Data

公共交通系统在运行中产生的IC卡刷卡及车辆运行GPS数据为量化描述区域公交系统的压力提供了数据支持。基于公交系统在运行中产生的大量的GPS数据和IC卡刷卡数据,选取了包括满载率、停靠时间、单位时间内的进、出站量和地铁剩余运能等压力模型的评价指标,基于加权平均理论建立了地面公交及地铁压力指数模型;根据公交及地铁站点的等级及登降量因素提出了不同类型站点的权重系数阈值;取地面公交和地铁站压力均值建立了区域公交运行压力模型,并划分了压力分级体系。最后以北京市的国贸和东单区域为例进行了压力指数的计算,分析了两区域压力指数差异的时间及空间原因,并提取2个区域的实际公交登降量数据对压力指数进行了验证,证明该压力指数模型能够有效反映公交系统的运行压力。

As information technology has been widely implemented onto the transit system,an extraordinary amount of Integrated Circuit（IC）card data and GPS data has been recorded,which can be used to quantitatively analyze the loading index of regional transit system.Based on the IC card and GPS data,this paper selects the following evaluation parameters：load factor,berthing time,boarding/deboarding volume and surplus capacity to develop a transit loading index model,then develops a system for classifying zonal transit system based on their loading.According to the importance and boarding/deboarding volume of stations,this paper also develops the threshold of weighting coefficients for them.Taking Guomao and Dongdan area in Beijing as case studies,this paper calculates the loading indices of these areas,and analyses the reason for the differences between the loading of the two areas based on spatial and temporal factors.The observed IC card data is used to extract the boarding/deboarding information,which is used to testify the proposed model.It is found that the model can effectively reflect the loading of regional transit system.