高空减压病易感性检查方法的初步研究

Preliminary study on the examination of susceptibility of altitude decompression sickness

目的 观察采用4种不同减压病易感性检查方法时减压病的发生率,为建立有效的减压病易感性检查方法提供试验依据. 方法 107名健康成年志愿者,按试验条件进行4组120人次低压舱模拟高空10 km暴露.A组预吸氧60 min,暴露时间15 min,83人次;B组预吸氧60 min,暴露时间30 min,22人次;C组预吸氧35 min,暴露时间30 min,8人次;D组预吸氧15 min,暴露时间30 min,7人次.从A组、B组、C组中选出男性减压病不易感者29人,进行7～9 km、30～240min高空暴露人体试验验证. 结果 ①4种不同检查方法共筛查出减压病易感者6人次,总筛查率为5.0％.A组有3人次出现轻度减压病症状,7人次出现减压气泡;B组和C组受试者未出现减压气泡和减压病症状;D组有3人次出现轻度减压病症状,3人次出现减压气泡.②在29人次高空暴露人体试验验证中,有2名来自A组的受试者发生减压病,减压病的发生率为6.9％. 结论 减压病易感性检查条件不同,其减压病易感者的筛查率有所不同,B组和C组的减压病易感性检查条件可能更有利于筛查出减压病易感者和保障高空减压病易感性检查试验安全.经过减压病易感性筛查后,人体低压试验的减压病发生率得到有效控制.

Objective To provide the experimental basis for establishing effective examination by studying four different examination methods of decompression sickness susceptibility and its prevalence.Methods One hundred and seven health adult volunteers who were conducted simulated altitude of 10 km for 120 exposures were divided into 4 groups.Group A：pre-oxygenation for 60 min and exposed for 15 min （83 exposures）;Group B：pre-oxygenation for 60 min and exposed for 30 min （22 exposures）;Group C：pre-oxygenation for 35 min and exposed for 30 min （8 exposures）;Group D：pre-oxygenation for 15 min and exposed for 30 min （7 exposures）.Totally 29 male subjects who were not susceptible to decompression sickness were picked out from group A,group B and group C.They exposed to altitude of 7-9 km for 30-240 min for verification.Results ① Six susceptible subjects of decompression sickness were found by four different examination methods overall.The total screening rate of decompression sickness susceptibility was 5.0%.There were 3 subjects with mild symptoms of decompression sickness and 7 subjects with decompression bubble in the group A.No decompression sickness symptoms and decompression bubble were found in the group B and group C.There were 3 subjects with mild symptoms of decompression sickness and 3 subjects with decompression bubble in group D.②In 29 exposures of verification test,2 subjects of group A were with decompression sickness.The incidence of decompression sickness is 6.9%.Conclusions The screening rate of susceptible subjects of decompression sickness varies with the condition of decompression sickness susceptibility examination.The condition of decompression sickness susceptibility examination in group B and group C may be more favorable for screening the susceptible subjects of decompression sickness and ensuring the safety of examination test.Screening the susceptibility to decompression sickness would be helpful to effectively control the incidence of the decompression sickness in low pressure test.