曹南冥对朱熹敬义思想的继承和发展

Study on “showing respect and righteousness” of Zhu xi and Cao Nanming

朱熹指出道德修养的第一步是穷理,穷理是基础;道德修养的第二层面是居敬,朱熹尤其强调"敬"的功夫,"敬字功夫,乃圣门第一义,彻头彻尾,不可顷刻间断"。"敬之一字,真圣门之纲领,存养之要法"。敬是敬畏,是恒常的道德自觉,是成"仁"的根本,通过"敬"的功夫达到最高善。敬以直内,义以方外,敬义夹持,不可分离。曹南冥的"敬义"观继承和发展了朱熹的"敬义"思想,细化了"敬义"的内涵,把"敬义"提升到"心体"层面,"敬义"既是本体,是理想目标和追求的精神境界,又是"用",是手段和修养的途径和基本功夫,亦"体"亦"用"。

Zhu xi pointed out that the moral accomplishment of the first step is to explore the truth of things,it is the foundation. The second level is the showing respect,especially emphasizes the effort of＂showing respect＂. ＂showing respect＂is the first,is through and through,is the essence. It is awe and the constant moral consciousness,is the basic of ＂benevolence＂,is to achieve the highest good by it.Showing respect is the inner strength,showing righteousness is the outside force,they supply each other and do not separate. Cao Naming inherited and developed the view of ＂showing respect and righteousness ＂from Zhu xi,detailed its connotation. To promote ＂showing respect and righteousness ＂to the ＂heart＂level,It is not only the ontology,is an ideal goal and the pursuit of spirit realm,but also is the ＂meaning＂,is the basic method and way of cultivation.