沿浦湾潮间带大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性研究

Study on the Community Structure and Diversity of Macrobenthos in the Intertidal Zone along Yanpu Bay

于2014年10月（秋季）和2015年3月（春季）对沿浦湾5条潮间带断面进行大型底栖动物调查,共鉴定出大型底栖动物44种,隶属于5纲10目23科31属。其中,秋季共39种,隶属于5纲9目21科29属;春季共20种,隶属于5纲7目15科17属。秋季物种数、丰度和生物量高于春季。大型底栖动物优势种季节变化明显,春季优势种为长足长方蟹、日本大眼蟹、短拟沼螺及伍氏拟厚蟹,秋季优势种为大弹涂鱼、弹涂鱼及青弹涂鱼。两个季节Shannon-Wiener（H′）多样性指数介于1.31~2.67,Pielou种类均匀度指数（J′）介于0.60~0.87,Margalef丰富度指数（D）介于1.78~5.35。结合ABC曲线对大型底栖动物群落结构分析,发现群落受到较严重干扰,这可能与海洋工程、养殖、周边海域环境恶化及过度采捕等系列人为干扰有关,海洋生态修复迫在眉睫。

A study was conducted to investigate the community structure and diversity of macrobenthos in the intertidal zone of Yanpu Bay. The macrobenthos species were investigated in 5 intertidal section in Octo-ber, 2014（Autumn） and March, 2015（Spring）. 44 species were found in this research which had 5 classes, 10 orders, 23 families, 31 genesis. 39 species in autumn and 20 species in spring were found. The macrobenthos species in autumn had 5 classes, 9 orders, 21 families, 29 genesis, and 23 species in spring had 5 classes, 7orders, 15 families, 17 genesis. The numbers and diversity of species in autumn are clearly higher than spring.The dominant species changed obviously with seasons. The dominant species in spring were Metaplaxlongipes,Macrophthalmus japonicas, Assiminea brevicula, and Helicana wuana. And the dominant species in autumn were Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, Periophthalmus modestus, and Scartelaos histophorus. The Shannon-wiener diversity index（H＇） value between autumn and spring was in the range of 1.31 ~2.67, Pielous species uniform index（J＇） was I n the range of 0.60~0.87.Margalef species abundance index（D） was in the range of 1.78~5.35.Relating to the analysis from ABC curve, the community structure was damaged seriously. Which maybe was related to ocean engineering, marine culture, environmental degradation, and over fishing. Therefore ecological restoration is in an urgent situation.