不同提取方法对苦参中生物碱提取率的影响

Effects of Different Extracting Methods on Alkaloid Extraction Efficacy from Sophora flavescens Ait

为探明苦参中生物碱的最佳提取方法,本实验运用紫外分光光度法和HPLC法综合测定了苦参药材水煎煮、乙醇回流、酸水煎煮、碱性乙醇回流、乙醇超声和碱性氯仿超声等6种提取方法中总生物碱和指标性成分的含量。结果表明:6种提取方法中以碱性氯仿超声提取法所得总生物碱含量最高,乙醇回流提取法和乙醇超声提取法与其接近,分别为24.29 mg/g、23.58 mg/g和23.55 mg/g;氧化苦参碱的含量以碱性氯仿提取法含量最高,槐定碱以乙醇超声提取法含量最高,苦参碱以水煎煮提取法含量最高,分别为16.21 mg/g、0.45 mg/g和0.63 mg/g。综合考虑其提取率、生产成本和安全性,比较6种提取方法,以乙醇超声波提取法为最佳提取方法。

In order to study the best extracting method for alkaloids from Sophora flavescens Ait,the content of total alkaloids and major components were determined by UV spectrophotometry and HPLC. The medicinal material were extracted by water boiling,ethanol reflux extracting,acid water boiling,alkaline ethanol reflux extracting,ethanol ultrasonic extracting and alkaline chloroform ultrasonic extracting,respectively. The results indicated that the content of total alkaloids obtained by alkaline chloroform ultrasonic extracting was highest,while there was little difference compared with those of the ethanol reflux extracting and ethanol ultrasonic extracting,contents of which were 24. 29 mg / g,23. 58 mg / g and 23. 55 mg / g,respectively. The contents of oxymatrine obtained by alkaline chloroform ultrasonic extracting,sophoridine obtained by ethanol reflux extracting and matrine obtained by ethanol ultrasonic extracting were highest,16. 21 mg / g,0. 45 mg /g and 0. 63 mg / g,respectively. Considering the recovery rate,production cost and safety of 6 kinds of extraction methods,ethanol ultrasonic extraction was the best.