海洋能源勘探开发技术现状与展望

The Current State and Future of Offshore Energy Exploration and Development Technology

本文简要梳理了世界深水油气勘探开发技术与深水工程重大装备的发展历程,以及世界各大海域亿吨级大型深水油气田的开发概况。回顾了我国海洋石油特别是1982年中国海洋石油总公司成立后至今约34年的飞速发展进程,明确了现阶段我国已具备300 m水深以浅的海洋石油勘探开发技术体系和装备能力,达到5×107 t年产能,初步建成以海洋石油981半潜式钻井平台为核心的深水重大工程装备,同时我国南海第一个深水气田荔湾3–1气田(水深1 480 m)成功投产。在此基础上,阐述了我国海洋能源开发面临着"南台北冰"恶劣的自然条件、高粘、易凝、高含CO2复杂油气藏特性、深水陆坡、远距离控制等巨大挑战,指出我国海洋能源工程的战略目标和战略重点。

This paper briefly reviews the world＇s current deep water petroleum exploration and development technology, primary equipment, and a overview of the development situation of huge deep water oil and gas fields all over the world. Meanwhile, this study also reviews the developmental history of Chinese offshore oil exploration and extraction from 34 years ago, which began after the establishment of China National Offshore Oil Corporation. At present, CNOOC has the ability to develop the offshore oil fields within water depth of 300 meters and produce about 50 million tons oil annually. The main deepwater engineering facilities such as HYSY981 Deepwater semi-submersible drilling platform were first built. In 2014, the first deep water gas field Liwan3-1 began production. However, there are more challenges for Chinese offshore oil development efforts such as typhoons in South China Sea, ice in Bohai Bay, high viscosity and pour point, high content of CO2 complex reservoir characteristics, remote flow assurance and control, etc.. The strategic development plan for China＇s future offshore energy development is presented in this paper.