摘要
行波堆为一次通过式燃料循环反应堆,其利用堆芯自增殖大大降低了对浓缩和后处理的需求。自增殖将次临界换料燃料转化为新的临界燃料,从而使增殖燃烧波得以扩散。该理念建立在增殖燃烧波和燃料的相对移动的基础上。因此,燃料或增殖燃烧波相对于固定的观察器而言是移动的。行波堆最实用的体现就是能够在将核反应保持在同一位置的同时移动燃料——有时行波堆也被称为'驻波堆'。行波堆能够使用换料铀燃料运行,换料铀燃料包括完全贫化铀、天然铀和低浓缩铀燃料(即235U含量为5.5%或更低的燃料),这些燃料通常在快谱中达不到临界状态。轻水反应堆卸出的乏燃料也可以作为行波堆的换料燃料。上述情况均无需后处理即可实现极高的燃料利用率和燃料废物量的显著降低。当换料燃料为贫化铀时,行波堆的最大优势得以实现,即在启动后,无需浓缩设施,就可维持最先启动的反应堆和一连串后续的反应堆的运行。自2006年起,泰拉能源公司(Terra Power)与50多个机构高度协作,开展了概念设计、工程设计和相关技术开发活动,力争到2026年实现将第一个机组投入使用。本文总结了行波堆技术,包括它的发展计划及其进展,分析了行波堆的社会和经济效益。
The pressurized water reactor CAP1400 is one of the sixteen National Science and Technology Major Projects. Developed from China＇s nuclear R＆D system and manufacturing capability, as well as APIO00 technology introduction and assimilation, CAP1400 is an advanced large passive nuclear power plant with independent intellectual property rights. By discussing the top design principle, main performance objectives, general parameters, safety design, and important improvements in safety, economy, and oth- er advanced features, this paper reveals the technology innovation and competitiveness of CAP1400 as an internationally promising Gen-IIl PWR model. Moreover, the R＆D of CAP1400 has greatly promoted China＇s domestic nuclear power industry from the Gen-II to the Gen-III level.
