磷肥减施对双季稻生长和产量及磷肥利用率的影响

Effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on the growth, yield and its utilization efficiency of double cropping rice

采用田间小区试验,研究磷肥减量施用对双季稻生长发育、光合特性、产量及磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明,早稻P2O5施用72～90 kg/hm2、晚稻P2O5施用48～60 kg/hm2能促进水稻生长和分蘖,改善水稻的光合特性,提高水稻的产量和磷肥利用率;与常量磷肥处理（早、晚稻P2O5施用量分别为90、60 kg/hm2）相比,磷肥减量10%（早、晚稻P2O5施用量分别为81、54 kg/hm2）和磷肥减量20%处理（早、晚稻P2O5施用量分别为72、48 kg/hm2）的早、晚稻不减产,磷肥利用率提高4.37%～24.29%,磷肥农学利用率提高1.39～4.27 kg/kg;磷肥减量30%（早、晚稻P2O5施用量分别为63、42 kg/hm2）处理的早、晚稻减产显著,减产幅度达5.05%～6.06%,磷肥利用率降低5.66%～11.77%。综合产量与肥料利用率等指标,在试验所在地的双季稻生产中,磷肥减量10%～20%具有实际推广应用价值。

The effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and its utilization efficiency on double cropping rice were studied through field plot experiments. The results showed that the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and phosphorus utilization efficiency were improved with the application of phosphorus fertilizer at 72–90 kg/hm2 P2O5 for early rice and at 48–60 kg/hm2 P2O5 for late rice, the growth and tillers of double cropping rice were also promoted. The phosphorus utilization efficiency and agronomic phosphorus efficiency were both improved ranged by 4.37%–24.29% and 1.39–4.27 kg/kg, respectively. The yield did not decline in the phosphorus reduction from 10% to 20% with comparison to the control, which the amount of phosphorus fertilizer application was 90 kg/hm2 for early rice and 60 kg/hm2 for later rice. The yield of double cropping rice was significantly decreased by 5.05%–6.06%, and the utilization efficiency decreased by 5.66%–11.77% in the application reduction by 30%. In general, the reduction of phosphorus application from 10% to 20%（compared to the control） was of great value for the extension purpose to local rice production.