民国初期教育行政管理机构改革的历史回顾与评析(1912—1923年)

Reform of Educational Administrative Institutes in Early Republic of China:Retrospect and Analysis(1912-1923)

民国成立伊始,百废待兴。为贯彻实施民国政府的各项教育法规法令,指导并督促各地发展教育事业,推进各项教育改革措施的落实,从中央到地方建立各层次的教育行政主管机构便显得尤为重要、迫在眉睫。在近代教育理念及西方政治思想、教育思潮的影响下,在教育界人士的长期倡议以及民间社会团体的大力推动下,各级教育行政管理机构建设进程明显加速,组织架构逐渐健全、目标责任逐渐明确、监管督查制度逐渐规范、运行体系逐渐完善。从1912年至1923年,逐渐形成了层次分明、结构科学、分工明确、运行有序的教育管理体制,对于加强教育行政事务管理和推进学制改革起到了良好的促进作用。

At the beginning of the Republic of China,many affairs were left to be solved.In order to carry out the educational laws,regulations,and reform measures of the government of the Republic of China and to guide and push the development of education,it was urgent and significant to establish educational administrative institutes from the central to the local governments at all levels.Influenced by modern educational philosophy,western political and educational thoughts and promoted vigorously by educators and nongovernmental organizations,educational administrative institutions were constructed at a higher speed,organizational structure was gradually improved,objectives and obligations were gradually specified,supervision system was gradually standardized,and operation mechanism was gradually consummated.From1912 to 1923,an educational administration structure was gradually formed with a clear hierarchy,a rational structure,a specific labor-division,and an orderly operation,thus promoting the administration of educational affairs and educational system reform.