肥密组合对寒地半干旱区膜下滴灌玉米产量的影响

Effects of density and fertilization combination on yield of maize under mulched drip irrigation in semi-arid and cold areas

为揭示黑龙江西部半干旱区膜下滴灌栽培方式下玉米高产措施,以郑单958为材料,选取氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和密度四因素作为试验因素,每个试验因素设计5个水平,按照二次通用旋转组合设计(1/2实施)统计分析方法建立回归模型,分析不同肥料和密度组合对玉米产量的影响。结果表明:四因素各单因子对籽粒产量有较明显的影响,均呈开口向下的抛物线趋势变化,影响顺序为施氮>密度>施钾>施磷,且单位水平施入量引起边际产量的减少量为施磷>密度>施钾>施氮;氮肥与磷肥之间的配合对产量的增加具有相互促进作用;要获得≥12231.97 kg·hm^(-2)的产量,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥及种植密度的最优组合取值范围为:氮肥246.24~279.59 kg·hm^(-2),磷肥133.77~151.52 kg·hm^(-2),钾肥82.85~97.16 kg·hm^(-2),种植密度79 676~85 324株·hm^(-2)。

To investigate the cultivation practices for high yield of maize under mulched drip irrigation in the semi- arid and cold areas in western Heilongjiang province, maize variety Zhengdan 958 was used as the study material. In ad- dition, nitrogen, phosphate, potash and planting density were selected as the four experimental factors, each of which was tested at five levels. A quadratic regression model was thereby employed to establish in accordance with rotation de- sign statistical analysis methods （1/2 implement） to analyze the effects of different fertilizers and planting densities on grain yield. The results showed that each single factor had obvious influence on grain yield, exhibiting a trend of down- ward opening parabola. The effects of these four factors were in an order of nitrogen （N） 〉 density 〉 potash （K） 〉 phosphate （P）. Also, the marginal yield reduction caused by unit volume level applied was in a order of phosphate （P） 〉 density 〉 potash （K） 〉 nitrogen （N）. Coordination between nitrogen and phosphate had a mutual promoting effect on the increase of grain yield. To achieve a yield higher than 12231.97 kg· hm^-2, the best combination of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and planting density were as follows： 246.24 - 279.59 kg· hm^-2 nitrogen; 133.77 151.52 kg. hm- 2 phosphate; 82.85 - 97.16 kg· hm^-2 potash and 79 676 - 85 324 plants· hm - 2 planting density.