河西走廊有机生态型无土栽培在设施蔬菜辣椒生产中的应用

Application of organic ecotype soilless culturing in greenhouse vegetable production of capsicum annuum in Hexi Corridor

试验采用完全随机区组设计,设置处理A:纯菇渣,处理B:菇渣、泥炭土和玉米秆混合,处理C:菇渣、玉米秆和炉渣混合,处理D:珍珠岩和炉渣混合,CK_1:V_(泥炭)∶V_(炉渣)=3∶2作为无土栽培基质对照,CK_2:土壤栽培作为栽培方式对照,探讨了日光温室不同有机栽培基质配比对辣椒生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:有机基质配比处理B(菇渣、泥炭土和玉米秆混合)对辣椒的栽培效果最好,其株高、茎粗、单株结果数、单株产量及小区产量与CK_1和CK_2相比分别增加了16.6%和11.0%,24.2%和18.8%,5.8和3.6个,0.67 kg和0.31 kg,9.4 kg和7.2 kg;处理C(菇渣、玉米秆和炉渣混合)对辣椒的栽培效果次之,其株高和小区产量与CK_1和CK_2相比分别增加了19.6%和24.5%,6.0 kg和3.8 kg。此外,处理B和C显著改善了辣椒果实的品质。与CK_1和CK_2相比,处理B辣椒果实Vc、可溶性蛋白及还原糖含量分别提高了48.5%和13.5%,23.3%和10.9%,27.7%和12.2%;处理C辣椒果实有机酸和可溶性糖类分别提高16.4%和10.6%,14.3%和10.0%。以上结果表明,有机栽培基质配比菇渣、泥炭土和玉米秆和菇渣、玉米秆和炉渣显著促进了辣椒的生长发育并且改善了果实品质,适宜在设施蔬菜茄果类作物栽培中推广应用。

A completely randomized design was implemented to investigate the effects of organic cultural substrate compositions on the growth,yield and fruit quality of Capsicum annuum in sunlight greenhouse with treatments including mushroom residue（ A）,mushroom residue,peat and corn stalks（ B）,mushroom residue,corn stalks and cinder（ C）,perlite and cinder（ D）,V_（peat）∶ V_（cinder）= 3∶ 2（ CK_1） as the control for soilless cultural substrate,and soil cultivation（ CK_2） as the control for cultivation mode. The results indicated that the treatment B（ mushroom residue,peat and corn stalks） on the growth of C. annuum was the best among all treatments,which significantly increased the plant height by 16. 6% and 11. 0%,stem diameter by 24. 2% and 18. 8%,fruit- setting number per plant by 5. 8 and 3. 6,yield per plant by 0. 67 kg and 0. 31 kg,and plot yield by 9. 4 kg and 7. 2 kg,from CK_1 and CK_2respectively. Additionally,the effect of treatment C（ mushroom residue,corn stalks and cinder） was the second-best,which significantly increased the plant height by 19. 6% and 24. 5%,and plot yield by 6. 0 kg. and 3. 8 kg,from CK_1 and CK_2respectively. Moreover,the treatments of B and C significantly improved the fruit quality of C. annuum,and the treatment B significantly increased the Vc content by 48. 5% and 13. 5%,soluble protein content by 23. 3% and 10. 9%,and reducing suger content by 27. 7% and 12. 2%,and the treatment C significantly increased the organic acid content by 16. 4% and10. 6%,and soluble saccharide content by 14. 3% and 10. 0%,from CK_1 and CK_2respectively. The results showed that the treatments of mushroom residue,peat and corn stalks（ B）,and mushroom residue,corn stalks and cinder（ C） signifi-cantly promoted the growth of C. annuum and improved its fruits quality,which may be suitable for popularization and application in culturing greenhouse solanaceous vegetables.