固定床丙烷脱氢反应器的选材和结构特征分析

STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF FIXED BED REACTOR FOR PROPANE DEHYDROGENATION

依据工艺路线以及催化剂存在状态的不同,丙烷脱氢反应主要分为固定床和移动床两类。固定床丙丙烷脱氢反应器具有操作温度高、处理量大、工况介质复杂、温度频繁变化等特点。因此建造难度很大。介绍了反应器的工作原理和主要结构;根据不同部件的温度、介质和载荷条件,阐述了材料选择的原则以及具体要求。由于内部隔热层的存在,固定床反应器在操作时处于冷壁状态,但不同元件之间设计温度差异很大,这给设计者出了很大的难题。为此从工程实际出发,分析了壳体及管口设计、构件温差应力削减和内部隔热结构等设计关键点,为固定床丙烷脱氢反应器以及类似高温反应器的设计提供借鉴。

Based on different processes and catalyst conditions,propane dehydrogenation reactor can be divided into fixed bed reactor and moving bed reactor. Having characteristics of high operation temperature,huge duty,complex media and operation condition and frequent shifting of operation temperature,fixed bed reactor for propane dehydrogenation is difficult to build.This article introduces the working principle and main structure of the reactor,and discusses the principles and specific requirements of material selection according to the temperature,media and load of different parts.Most part of the shell for fixed bed reactor is cold due to the existence of internal insulation layer,but the design temperatures of some parts differ a lot,bringing difficulties to the reactor design.Based on engineering practices,some design key points are analyzed including the design of shell and nozzle,the reduction of temperature stress and the inner insulation structure.The analysis can provide useful reference for the engineering design of fixed bed reactor for propane dehydrogenation and similar high temperature reactors.