古代“和而不同”思想的内涵演变及其社会价值

Research on the Changes and Social Values of the Ancient Chinese Thoughts "Harmonious But Not The Same"

孔子以降,讫于近代,本来是"和而不同"思想发展的重要时期,然而关于这一时期"和而不同"思想的具体内涵、演变轨迹等问题,却乏人问津。其实这一时期"和而不同"思想内涵甚为丰富,概言之:一是君子之道,即"和而不同"用于形容君子的德行;二是事君之道,即"和而不同"用于形容礼乐等级制下的君臣关系;三是相处之道,即"和而不同"用于形容士人之间和谐相处的状态。魏晋及以后,随着君子人格的分化、名士人格的兴起,曾为君子德行的"和而不同",逐渐演变为名士的品德,在政治领域里表现为"事君之道",在社会领域里表现为"相处之道"。其中事君、相处之道应用于政治和文化领域,推动了中国古代谏官制度的发展和学术、艺术文化的进步。

From the age of the Confucius to the modern era,the thought of ＂ harmonious but not the same＂ should have been greatly developed. But there are few people who cared about its specific ideas and changes. Actually,its ideological connotations are very plentiful. First,it is the principle of being a gentleman,which was used to describe the noble virtues of the gentleman. Second,the principle of working for the monarch used to describe the relationship between the monarch and chancellors under the ritual hierarchy. Third,the principle of getting along with others,which was used to describe the state of harmony among Confucianists. With the development of the thought of ＂ harmonious but not the same＂,the principle of being a gentleman has evolved into the principle of working for the monarch and that of getting along with others. The last two principles are widely used in the political and cultural fields,which have shed important implications to the development of the remonstrant system and to the progress of the ancient Chinese academics,art,and culture.