山西省农村居民生活饮用水中砷安全风险的调查研究

Investigation of arsenic level in drinking water from rural areas of Shanxi

目的掌握山西省农村居民饮用水水砷的分布范围和危害程度,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法根据已确定的高砷水地区,并在其周围扩大选择点,最终在山西省8个市开展了调查,对所有调查点进行水砷筛查,对筛查出的水砷超标村进行水砷定量普查;水砷筛查采用半定量试剂盒法,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光法(HG-AFS)进行水砷定量测定。结果 8个市的农村地区共调查了1 730个村,其中有7个市151个村的水砷含量超过了国家标准,高砷暴露人口177 018人。对151个超标村进行高砷水源普查,水井超标率35.10%,最高水砷浓度1.733 0mg/L。高水砷地区水砷含量随着水井深度的增加呈增高趋势(F=176.55,P<0.01),高砷水的井深大部分在50m以上。结论山西省7个市农村居民砷中毒风险性高,主要以大同盆地和晋中盆地为主,低砷水源多埋深于50m左右,应因地制宜地选择安全水源,确保今后以除砷改水工程防治措施落实为重点的防治工作顺利实施。

Objective To observe the arsenic level in drinking water in rural areas of Shanxi,and to provide scientific evidence for arsenic control in water. Methods Samples of drinking water were collected from rural areas with high arsenic levels in 8regions of Shanxi.Water samples were screened for arsenic by semi-quantitative method,and then the arsenic level was quantified by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry（HG-AFS）. Results Arsenic content in drinking water was above the national limit（0.05mg/L）in samples from 151 out of 1 730 villages,with 177 018 individuals exposed to high arsenic level of drinking water.The arsenic levels in 35.10% wells located in 151 villages exceeded the national limit with the highest of1.733 0mg/L.Water arsenic content tended to increase along with the depth of wells（F=176.55,P〈0.01）,which were usually 50 meters deep down. Conclusions Residents in rural areas of 7regions of Shanxi mainly located in Datong and Jinzhong basin are at high risk of arsenic poisoning because of high arsenic level in drinking water.Therefore,safe drinking water supply is very important for the health of local residents.