中国减贫经验在“一带一路”建设中的互鉴性

A Research on the Mutual Reference of China's Poverty Reduction Knowledge in the“Belt and Road”Construction

中国减贫事业取得巨大成效,为实现全球减贫目标做出了重大贡献。总结和梳理中国减贫实践的经验,既是中国自身实现从效率优先向效率加公平转型的内在要求,也有"一带一路"建设中其他发展中国家和地区借鉴中国减贫经验、加速经济增长的外部需求。中国减贫实践成功的奥秘,一是在构建包括政府、市场组织、非政府组织、贫困者自身等多元网络状主体结构的同时,培育、增强当地政府应对和解决贫困问题的能力;二是从制度、体制、机制上协调不同主体和资源,使之相互高度配合;三是扶贫措施对贫困人口的针对性得当。中国的减贫实践为"一带一路"沿线国家和地区不同的经济发展阶段、不同的形成机理、不同的限制条件所制约的减贫工作提供了多视角的借鉴,集中体现在坚持以经济建设为中心、突出地方政府的主动性和主导性、注重减贫战略的持续性和协调性、着力构筑社会安全最低屏障、有效借力国际减贫资源等方面。

China＇s great achievements in poverty reduction made significant contribution to the achievement of the global goal of poverty reduction. Summarizing China＇s poverty reduction practice is not only the inherent requirement of China＇s transformation from giving priority to efficiency to paying equal attention to efficiency and fairness,but also the external demand of other developing countries to learn from China＇s experience in poverty reduction and economic growth acceleration in the construction of the＂Belt and Road＂. The secrets of the success of China＇s poverty reduction are：first,cultivating and enhancing local government＇s capacity for coping with and solving the problem of poverty while establishing the multiply network-like body structure including government,market organization,NGOs and poor people themselves;second,coordinating and matching different main players and resources in terms of system,institution and mechanism;and third,making the poverty reduction measures to be more targeted. Despite the different stages of economic development,the various formation mechanism,and the different limit conditions facing countries along the Belt and Road,China＇s poverty reduction practice provides these countries with multi-angle references,such as persisting in the focus of economic construction,highlighting the initiative and dominant of local governments,paying more attention to the sustainability and coordination of poverty alleviation,striving to building the minimum social security barriers,and leveraging international resources of poverty alleviation.